Ariadne Genomics Inc. transducin complex visual perception processing Pde6 complex Gucy2f GRK7 Cngb1 Ca-in --+> Rcvrn ca efflux ---| Rcvrn Rcvrn Guca1a --+> Gucy2e Gucy2e Guca1a Guca1b --+> Gucy2f Guca1b Cnga1 Cnga3 cGMP_restored ---- Cnga1 Cngb3 Cngb3 ---> Ca-in ca efflux ---> Ca-out Rho --+> Gnat1 cone opsins --+> Gnat2 Guca1a ---- Gucy2e Guca1b ---- Gucy2f Gnat2 --+> Pde6 complex Gnat1 --+> Pde6 complex Gnat1 cGMP_restored ---- Cngb1 cGMP_restored ---- Cnga3 cGMP_restored ---- Cngb3 Slc24a1 Slc24a2 Grk1 ---| Rho Rho ---- Sag GRK7 ---| cone opsins Arr3 ---- cone opsins light --+> 11-cis-retinal light 11-cis-retinal ---- cone opsins Rgs9 complex ---| Gnat1 Sag Grk1 cone opsins ---- transducin complex Rho ---- transducin complex Gnat2 GTP ---> cGMP_restored cGMP ---> 5'-GMP glutamate ---| OFF-cone bipolar cell Arr3 11-cis-retinal ---- Rho Rgs9 complex OFF-cone bipolar cell Rcvrn ---| Grk1 glutamate Ca-in cGMP_restored 5'-GMP cGMP GTP Ca-out ca efflux membrane hyperpolarization ---| glutamate membrane hyperpolarization Rho cone opsins Cnga1 ---> Ca-in Cngb1 ---> Ca-in Cnga3 ---> Ca-in central nervous system glutamate --+> ON-cone bipolar cell ON-cone bipolar cell rod bipolar cell glutamate --+> rod bipolar cell ca efflux --+> Guca1b Ca-in ---| Guca1b Ca-in ---| Guca1a ca efflux --+> Guca1a retinoid cycle metabolic pathway 11-cis-retinal