Elsevier Inc. ATP-sensitive K+ channels NADPH electron transport chain pathway Rab27a Cdc42 ATP ATP biosynthetic pathway oxidative phosphorylation pathway pyruvate metabolic pathway ---> pyruvate cycling citric acid cycle pathway pyruvate metabolic pathway glycolysis pathway Gck Slc2a2 membrane depolarization --+> voltage-gated K+ channels Stx1a Munc proteins Syt proteins voltage-gated K+ channels voltage-gated Ca2+ channels Rab3a Vamp2 Snap25 Rho/Rac/Cdc42 mediated signaling pathway Rab family mediated signaling pathway voltage-gated K+ channels ---> membrane repolarization membrane depolarization citric acid cycle pathway ---> pyruvate cycling voltage-gated Ca2+ channels ---> Ca2+ membrane repolarization glucose-6-P ---> glycolysis pathway D-glucose ---> glucose-6-P pyruvate cycling Munc proteins ---> Stx1a Snap25 ---- voltage-gated K+ channels elevated glucose levels ---> D-glucose elevated glucose levels D-glucose glucose-6-P Ca2+ membrane depolarization --+> voltage-gated Ca2+ channels membrane repolarization ---| voltage-gated Ca2+ channels Snap25 ---| voltage-gated K+ channels