Elsevier Inc. GPCRs upstream PKA Gnas ---- GPCRs upstream PKA Gnas AC members G protein mediated signaling pathway via Galphas family Pka complex ---> cytoskeleton dynamics ATP ---> cAMP nuclear dynamics cytoskeleton dynamics Pka complex Gnas --+> AC members cAMP --+> Pka complex regulation of ion channels cardiovascular function Pka complex ---> gene expression Akaps Pdes cAMP ATP metabolism exocytosis gene expression Pka complex ---> nuclear dynamics Pdes ---| cAMP regulation of neuroreceptors Pka complex ---> metabolism Pka complex ---> regulation of neuroreceptors Pka complex ---> cardiovascular function Pka complex ---> regulation of ion channels Pka complex ---> exocytosis