ProtModification Gsk3b ---| Ctnnb1

URN	urn:agi-ProtModification:inout-urn:agi-llid:2932:out-urn:agi-llid:1499::negative:phosphorylation
References	284
Connectivity	2
Effect	negative
Mechanism	phosphorylation
Original # of References	278

TextRef	info:pmid/17299510#abs:3
MedLine Reference	17299510:2
Sentence	Normally active GSK-3 phosphorylates beta-catenin, leading to its degradation.

TextRef	info:pmid/11738041#abs:3
MedLine Reference	11738041:2
Sentence	This inhibits the Axin-dependent phosphorylation of beta-catenin by GSK-3.

TextRef	info:pmid/9566905#abs:7
PubYear	1998
MedlineTA	Mol Cell Biol
MedLine Reference	9566905:6
Sentence	Furthermore, Axil enhanced GSK-3beta-dependent phosphorylation of beta-catenin.

TextRef	info:pmid/19293931#abs:3
MedLine Reference	19293931:2
Sentence	As a result, beta-catenin phosphorylation by GSK3 is inhibited and beta-catenin protein is stabilized.

TextRef	info:pmid/19565571#abs:9
PubYear	2009
MedlineTA	J Cell Biochem
MedLine Reference	19565571:8
Sentence	Further analysis showed that pseudophosphorylation at T393 did not prevent beta-catenin phosphorylation by GSK3beta.

TextRef	info:pmid/11967263#abs:9
PubYear	2002
MedlineTA	J Biol Chem
MedLine Reference	11967263:8
Sentence	Mutation of Tyr(216) to Phe markedly reduces the ability of GSK-3beta to phosphorylate and down-regulate beta-catenin.

TextRef	info:pmid/10329628#abs:1
PubYear	1999
MedlineTA	EMBO J
MedLine Reference	10329628:0
Sentence	Axin promotes the phosphorylation of beta-catenin by GSK-3beta, leading to beta-catenin degradation.

TextRef	info:pmid/19060929#abs:6
PubYear	2009
MedlineTA	Oncogene
MedLine Reference	19060929:5
Sentence	The phosphorylation of beta-catenin (Ser33/37/Thr41) by GSK-3beta is known to target beta-catenin towards degradation.

TextRef	info:pmid/9482734#abs:6
PubYear	1998
MedlineTA	EMBO J
MedLine Reference	9482734:5
Sentence	Furthermore, rAxin promoted Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta-dependent phosphorylation of beta-catenin.
TextMods	28: 'GSK-3' -> 'Glycogen synthase kinase-3'
Organ	Brain
Organism	Rattus norvegicus

TextRef	info:pmid/18949077#abs:3
PubYear	2008
MedlineTA	Open Biochem J
MedLine Reference	18949077:2
Sentence	GSK 3beta is a constitutively active kinase that regulates many intracellular signaling pathways by phosphorylating substrates such as beta-catenin.

TextRef	info:pmid/9601641#abs:11
PubYear	1998
MedlineTA	Curr Biol
MedLine Reference	9601641:10
Sentence	In addition, hAxin dramatically facilitated the phosphorylation of adenomatous polyposis coli and beta-catenin by GSK3 beta in vitro.
TextMods	67: 'APC ' -> 'adenomatous polyposis coli '

TextRef	info:pmid/10944533#abs:2
PubYear	2000
MedlineTA	J Biol Chem
MedLine Reference	10944533:1
Sentence	In the Axin complex, GSK-3beta efficiently phosphorylates beta-catenin, which is then ubiquitinated and degraded by proteasome.

TextRef	info:pmid/16288032#abs:5
PubYear	2005
MedlineTA	Cancer Res
MedLine Reference	16288032:4
Sentence	Previous studies have shown that glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) phosphorylates beta-catenin and thereby targets it for proteosomal degradation.

TextRef	info:pmid/15228590#abs:7
PubYear	2004
MedlineTA	J Neurochem
MedLine Reference	15228590:6
Sentence	Thereby, S-SCAM inhibited the Axin-mediated phosphorylation of beta-catenin by GSK3beta.
CellType	Neurons
Organ	Brain
Organism	Rattus norvegicus

TextRef	info:pmid/10882528#abs:2
PubYear	2000
MedlineTA	Dev Biol
MedLine Reference	10882528:1
Sentence	In the prevailing model in the literature, GSK3beta-dependent phosphorylation of these sites targets beta-catenin for ubiquitin-mediated degradation.

TextRef	info:pmid/19464103#abs:8
PubYear	2009
MedlineTA	Cancer Lett
MedLine Reference	19464103:7
Sentence	Hsp90 inhibitors dephosphorylate AKT, thereby, activate GSK-3beta, which phosphorylates beta-catenin for ubiquitination.
CellLineName	MT2

TextRef	info:pmid/12000790#abs:3
PubYear	2002
MedlineTA	Genes Dev
MedLine Reference	12000790:2
Sentence	Normally, cytoplasmic beta-catenin associates with APC and axin and is continuously phosphorylated by GSK-3beta, marking it for proteasomal degradation.

TextRef	info:pmid/17554179#abs:1
PubYear	2007
MedlineTA	Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun
MedLine Reference	17554179:0
Sentence	Axin is a negative regulator of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway that mediates the phosphorylation of beta-catenin by glycogen synthase kinase 3beta.

TextRef	info:pmid/10906131#abs:5
PubYear	2000
MedlineTA	J Biol Chem
MedLine Reference	10906131:4
Sentence	The enhancement of the GSK-3 beta-dependent phosphorylation of beta-catenin was eliminated by the Adenomatous polyposis coli gene product-binding site of Axin.
TextMods	98: 'APC' -> 'Adenomatous polyposis coli gene product'

TextRef	info:pmid/10921920#abs:1
PubYear	2000
MedlineTA	J Biol Chem
MedLine Reference	10921920:0
Sentence	beta-Catenin is efficiently phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in the Axin complex in the cytoplasm, resulting in the down-regulation.

TextRef	info:pmid/15731909#abs:6
PubYear	2005
MedlineTA	Mol Genet Genomics
MedLine Reference	15731909:5
Sentence	In addition-and in contrast to the wild type protein-these LKB1 mutants fail to activate the GSK-3beta kinase, which otherwise phosphorylates beta-catenin.
CellLineName	HeLa

TextRef	info:pmid/17018282#abs:7
PubYear	2006
MedlineTA	Cell
MedLine Reference	17018282:6
Sentence	The phosphor-p68 facilitates beta-catenin nuclear translocation by blocking phosphorylation of beta-catenin by GSK-3beta and displacing Axin from beta-catenin.

TextRef	info:pmid/10488109#abs:2
PubYear	1999
MedlineTA	J Biol Chem
MedLine Reference	10488109:1
Sentence	Axin, a Wnt signal negative regulator, enhances glycogen synthase kinase -3beta-dependent phosphorylation of beta-catenin and stimulates the degradation of beta-catenin.
TextMods	73: '(GSK)' -> ''

TextRef	info:pmid/10330181#abs:8
PubYear	1999
MedlineTA	Mol Cell Biol
MedLine Reference	10330181:7
Sentence	Dvl-1 inhibited Axin-promoted glycogen synthase kinase 3beta-dependent phosphorylation of beta-catenin, and the DIX domain of Dvl-1 was required for this inhibitory activity.

TextRef	info:pmid/20201075#abs:3
PubYear	2010
MedlineTA	Arthritis Rheum
MedLine Reference	20201075:2
Sentence	Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta)-dependent beta-catenin phosphorylation was evaluated in RAW 264.7 macrophages to assess kinase inhibition.
CellLineName	RAW264.7
CellType	Macrophages

TextRef	info:pmid/18490349#abs:6
PubYear	2008
MedlineTA	Cardiovasc Res
MedLine Reference	18490349:5
Sentence	Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, which phosphorylates cytosolic beta-catenin and thereby facilitates its proteasomal degradation, was inhibited by thrombin.
CellType	Endothelial Cells
Organ	Umbilical vein
Organism	Homo sapiens

TextRef	info:pmid/16981698#abs:5
PubYear	2006
MedlineTA	Biochemistry
MedLine Reference	16981698:4
Sentence	Similar to Axin GSK3beta interaction domain(381-405) and FRATtide, synthesized GSKIPtide is also shown to compete with and/or block the phosphorylation of Axin and beta-catenin by GSK3beta.
TextMods	16: 'GID' -> 'GSK3beta interaction domain'

TextRef	info:pmid/15203747#abs:3
PubYear	2004
MedlineTA	Pathology
MedLine Reference	15203747:2
Sentence	Simplistically, the multi-protein destruction complex involves Axin and APC serving as scaffolds binding both beta-catenin and GSK3, to facilitate phosphorylation of beta-catenin by GSK-3beta.

TextRef	info:pmid/10196136#abs:1
PubYear	1999
MedlineTA	J Biol Chem
MedLine Reference	10196136:0
Sentence	Axin forms a complex with glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) and beta-catenin and promotes GSK-3beta-dependent phosphorylation of beta-catenin, thereby stimulating the degradation of beta-catenin.

TextRef	info:pmid/15946992#abs:5
PubYear	2005
MedlineTA	FASEB J
MedLine Reference	15946992:4
Sentence	Inhibition of the glycogen-synthase-kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) by LiCl prevented this celecoxib-induced translocation, suggesting that phosphorylation of beta-catenin by the GSK-3beta kinase was essential for this release.
Organ	Colon

TextRef	info:pmid/16881048#abs:4
PubYear	2006
MedlineTA	Dev Dyn
MedLine Reference	16881048:3
Sentence	Here, we characterize this function of Notch in relation to Axin, a key element in the regulation of Wnt signalling that acts as a scaffold for the Shaggy/GSK3beta-dependent phosphorylation of Armadillo/beta-catenin.

TextRef	info:pmid/17053159#abs:1
PubYear	2007
MedlineTA	Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
MedLine Reference	17053159:0
Sentence	Casein kinase I -epsilon and GSK-3beta phosphorylate beta-catenin at Ser(45) (beta-cat(45)) and Thr(41)/Ser(37,33) (beta-cat(33,37,41)) residues, thereby facilitating its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.
TextMods	16: '(CKI)' -> ''

TextRef	info:pmid/15327768#abs:2
PubYear	2004
MedlineTA	Mol Cell
MedLine Reference	15327768:1
Sentence	In the absence of a Wnt signal, casein kinase 1 and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) phosphorylate cytosolic beta-catenin, thereby flagging it for recognition and destruction by the ubiquitin/proteosome machinery.
TextMods	48: '(CK1) ' -> ''

TextRef	info:pmid/20519433#abs:5
PubYear	2010
MedlineTA	Mol Biol Cell
MedLine Reference	20519433:4
Sentence	GSK3beta/CKI-phosphorylated Adenomatous polyposis coli and beta-catenin at clusters is degraded rapidly by the proteasome, but inhibition of GSK3beta/CKI does not increase beta-catenin-mediated transcription.
TextMods	28: 'APC ' -> 'Adenomatous polyposis coli '
CellType	Endothelial Cells

TextRef	info:pmid/17360687#abs:8
PubYear	2007
MedlineTA	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
MedLine Reference	17360687:7
Sentence	These results reveal an anti apoptotic function of tau hyperphosphorylation, which likely inhibits competitively phosphorylation of beta-catenin by GSK-3beta and hence facilitates the function of beta-catenin.
CellType	Neurons
Organ	Brain
Organism	Rattus norvegicus

TextRef	info:pmid/15747065#abs:2
PubYear	2005
MedlineTA	Cell Mol Life Sci
MedLine Reference	15747065:1
Sentence	Phosphorylation of the pathway components beta-catenin, Dishevelled, Axin and APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, CK1 and CK2 is of central importance in the regulation of the beta-catenin destruction complex.
CellType	Lymphocytes

TextRef	info:pmid/20110688#abs:3
PubYear	2010
MedlineTA	Cell Physiol Biochem
MedLine Reference	20110688:2
Sentence	Adenomatous polyposis coli binds GSK3beta, which phosphorylates beta-catenin thus fostering its degradation. beta-catenin upregulates the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase Sgk1, which inhibits GSK3beta.
TextMods	0: 'APC ' -> 'Adenomatous polyposis coli '
Tissue	Serum

TextRef	info:pmid/15063782#abs:1
PubYear	2004
MedlineTA	Biochem Biophys Res Commun
MedLine Reference	15063782:0
Sentence	Axin, a negative regulator of Wnt, forms a complex with glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, beta-catenin, and adenomatous polyposis coli and promotes GSK3beta-dependent phosphorylation of beta-catenin, thereby stimulating degradation of the beta-catenin.

TextRef	info:pmid/20007479#abs:6
PubYear	2009
MedlineTA	J Neurosci
MedLine Reference	20007479:5
Sentence	The high-dose dopamine/D(2) receptor-mediated suppression of NMDA receptors was involved in the increase of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) activity, which in turn phosphorylates beta-catenin and disrupts beta-catenin-NR2B interaction, but was dependent on neither Gq11 nor PLC (phospholipase C).
Organ	Cerebral cortex

TextRef	info:pmid/10699468#abs:1
PubYear	2000
MedlineTA	Biochim Biophys Acta
MedLine Reference	10699468:0
Sentence	Colon carcinoma and melanoma cells containing either a deletion of the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor protein or mutation of the site in beta-catenin phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) display elevated levels of detergent-soluble beta-catenin due to insensitivity of the cytosolic protein to proteasome-dependent degradation.
TextMods	123: '(APC) ' -> ''

TextRef	info:pmid/18241848#abs:1
PubYear	2008
MedlineTA	Brain Res
MedLine Reference	18241848:0
Sentence	Dephosphorylated and activated glycogen synthase kinase 3beta hyperphosphorylates beta-catenin, leading to its ubiquitin-proteosome-mediated degradation. beta-catenin-knockdown increases while beta-catenin overexpression prevents neuronal death in vitro; in addition, protein levels of beta-catenin are reduced in the brain of Alzheimer's patients.
TextMods	56: '(GSK) ' -> ''
Organ	Brain

TextRef	info:pmid/9556553#abs:6
PubYear	1998
MedlineTA	J Biol Chem
MedLine Reference	9556553:5
Sentence	Taken together with our recent observations that Axin directly interacts with glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) and beta-catenin and that it promotes GSK-3beta-dependent phosphorylation of beta-catenin, these results suggest that Axin, adenomatous polyposis coli, GSK-3beta, and beta-catenin make a tetrameric complex, resulting in the regulation of the stabilization of beta-catenin.
CellLineName	SW 480
TextMods	245: 'APC' -> 'adenomatous polyposis coli'
CellType	L-cells

TextRef	info:pmid/20623542#abs:1
PubYear	2010
MedlineTA	J Neurosci Res
MedLine Reference	20623542:0
Sentence	Through a multiprotein complex, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) phosphorylates and destabilizes beta-catenin, an important signaling event for neuronal growth and proper synaptic function. delta-Catenin, or NPRAP (CTNND2), is a neural enriched member of the beta-catenin superfamily and is also known to modulate neurite outgrowth and synaptic activity.
CellType	Neurons
Organ	Nervous system

TextRef	info:pmid/16024621#body:296
PubYear	2005
MedlineTA	Cancer Res
MedLine Reference	16024621:1295
Sentence	Phosphorylation of β-catenin by GSK-3β mediates its degradation.

TextRef	info:pmid/16815997#body:326
PubYear	2006
MedlineTA	Genes Dev
MedLine Reference	16815997:1325
Sentence	In this complex, β-catenin is phosphorylated by GSK3β and degraded (Fig. 7A).

TextRef	info:pmid/11997515#body:398
PubYear	2002
MedlineTA	Mol Cell Biol
MedLine Reference	11997515:1397
Sentence	Axin enhances the GSK-3β-dependent phosphorylation of β-catenin (21).

TextRef	info:pmid/16199882#body:94
PubYear	2005
MedlineTA	Mol Cell Biol
MedLine Reference	16199882:1093
Sentence	Phosphorylation of β-catenin by GSK-3β, PKA, and CKIα in vitro.

TextRef	info:pmid/17875709#body:70
PubYear	2007
MedlineTA	Cancer Res
MedLine Reference	17875709:1069
Sentence	In this complex, β-catenin is phosphorylated by casein kinase Iα and GSK-3β.

TextRef	info:pmid/14508521#body:482
PubYear	2003
MedlineTA	Oncogene
MedLine Reference	14508521:1481
Sentence	Phosphorylation of β-catenin by GSK3β results in its degradation.
CellType	Epithelial Cells

TextRef	info:pmid/16510873#body:300
PubYear	2006
MedlineTA	Genes Dev
MedLine Reference	16510873:1299
Sentence	Once β-catenin has bound, GSK3β also phosphorylates β-catenin.
CellType	Astrocytes

TextRef	info:pmid/12718851#body:154
PubYear	2003
MedlineTA	Neuron
MedLine Reference	12718851:1153
Sentence	Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β phosphorylates β-catenin, thereby targeting it for degradation.
TextMods	0: 'GSK-3β ' -> 'Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β '

TextRef	info:pmid/19047045#body:170
PubYear	2009
MedlineTA	J Biol Chem
MedLine Reference	19047045:1169
Sentence	Sox9 promotes β-catenin phosphorylation by CKIα and GSK3β.
CellLineName	SW 480

TextRef	info:pmid/16982769#body:215
PubYear	2006
MedlineTA	Cancer Res
MedLine Reference	16982769:1214
Sentence	GSK-3β phosphorylates β-catenin and promotes β-catenin degradation.
CellLineName	HCA-7

TextRef	info:pmid/14600025#body:167
PubYear	2003
MedlineTA	Genes Dev
MedLine Reference	14600025:1166
Sentence	This arrangement might facilitate the phosphorylation of beta-catenin's N terminus by GSK-3beta.

TextRef	info:pmid/16237183#body:433
PubYear	2005
MedlineTA	J Neurosci
MedLine Reference	16237183:1432
Sentence	Phosphorylation of β-catenin by GSK3β leads to its degradation and apoptosis.

TextRef	info:pmid/11522623#body:34
PubYear	2001
MedlineTA	Cancer Res
MedLine Reference	11522623:1033
Sentence	APC facilitates the phosphorylation of β-catenin by glycogen synthase kinase 3β.
Organ	Colon

TextRef	info:pmid/17050664#body:281
PubYear	2006
MedlineTA	Mol Cancer Res
MedLine Reference	17050664:1280
Sentence	The latter requires the β-catenin phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3β.
Organ	Fingers

TextRef	info:pmid/14607840#body:235
PubYear	2004
MedlineTA	J Biol Chem
MedLine Reference	14607840:1234
Sentence	Active GSK 3β phosphorylates β-catenin, leading to its proteolytic degradation (36).
CellType	renal interstitial cells

TextRef	info:pmid/16303851#body:249
PubYear	2005
MedlineTA	J Cell Sci
MedLine Reference	16303851:1248
Sentence	In this complex, GSK3β phosphorylates β-catenin and adenomatous polyposis coli.
CellLineName	PC 12
TextMods	54: 'APC' -> 'adenomatous polyposis coli'

TextRef	info:pmid/16413466#body:52
PubYear	2006
MedlineTA	Cancer Cell
MedLine Reference	16413466:1051
Sentence	CK1 and GSK-3β phosphorylate β-catenin, which results in its ubiquitin-dependent degradation.

TextRef	info:pmid/15144953#body:152
PubYear	2004
MedlineTA	Cancer Cell
MedLine Reference	15144953:1151
Sentence	GSK-3β phosphorylates β-catenin and consequently promotes β-catenin degradation.
CellLineName	HT 29

TextRef	info:pmid/10421629#body:137
PubYear	1999
MedlineTA	Genes Dev
MedLine Reference	10421629:1136
Sentence	Previous models argued that GSK-3β directly phosphorylates β-catenin and thereby targets it for degradation.

TextRef	info:pmid/9852041#body:42
PubYear	1998
MedlineTA	J Biol Chem
MedLine Reference	9852041:1041
Sentence	In the steady state, glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylates β-catenin at its N terminus.
Organ	Kidney

TextRef	info:pmid/11313461#body:63
PubYear	2001
MedlineTA	Mol Cell Biol
MedLine Reference	11313461:1062
Sentence	Glycogen synthetase kinase-3β, which phosphorylates β-catenin (16), is itself a PKC substrate (11).

TextRef	info:pmid/18195042#body:383
PubYear	2008
MedlineTA	Mol Cell Biol
MedLine Reference	18195042:1382
Sentence	Phosphorylation of β-catenin by Glycogen synthase kinase 3β leads to proteosomal downregulation.
TextMods	33: 'GSK-3' -> 'Glycogen synthase kinase 3'
CellType	Neurons

TextRef	info:pmid/18182053#body:305
PubYear	2008
MedlineTA	J Neurochem
MedLine Reference	18182053:1304
Sentence	Dephosphorylated, activated GSK3β phosphorylates β-catenin, leading to its degradation (Nusse 2003).
Organ	Common carotid artery

TextRef	info:pmid/15537647#body:261
PubYear	2005
MedlineTA	J Biol Chem
MedLine Reference	15537647:1260
Sentence	Within the Wnt signaling pathway, GSK3β phosphorylates and promotes the degradation of β-catenin (14-17).

TextRef	info:pmid/18768830#body:67
PubYear	2008
MedlineTA	J Immunol
MedLine Reference	18768830:1066
Sentence	In this complex, β-catenin is phosphorylated by GSK-3β and tagged for ubiquitination and degradation.
CellType	Lymphocytes

TextRef	info:pmid/14622095#body:296
PubYear	2003
MedlineTA	J Neurochem
MedLine Reference	14622095:1295
Sentence	Active GSK-3β normally phosphorylates β-catenin, which causes its degradation by ubiquitination and the proteosome pathway.

TextRef	info:pmid/18178729#body:248
PubYear	2008
MedlineTA	Mol Cell Biol
MedLine Reference	18178729:1247
Sentence	As a consequence, Gsk3β becomes derepressed and phosphorylates β-catenin, resulting in its degradation (28).
CellType	Fibroblasts

TextRef	info:pmid/18246192#body:122
PubYear	2008
MedlineTA	J Clin Invest
MedLine Reference	18246192:1121
Sentence	This prevents phosphorylation of β-catenin by GSK3β and other kinases and its subsequent degradation.
CellType	Osteoclasts

TextRef	info:pmid/14706341#body:130
PubYear	2003
MedlineTA	Cancer Cell
MedLine Reference	14706341:1129
Sentence	Activation of the Wnt/Wingless pathway inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3β-dependent phosphorylation of β-catenin.
TextMods	48: 'GSK-3β' -> 'glycogen synthase kinase-3β'

TextRef	info:pmid/16365045#body:254
PubYear	2006
MedlineTA	J Biol Chem
MedLine Reference	16365045:1253
Sentence	Phosphorylation of β-catenin by recombinant GSK3β is attenuated by recombinant lipoprotein receptor-related protein6-C3.
TextMods	81: 'LRP' -> 'lipoprotein receptor-related protein'

TextRef	info:pmid/18328427#body:211
PubYear	2008
MedlineTA	Cancer Cell
MedLine Reference	18328427:1210
Sentence	Phosphorylation of β-catenin by glycogen synthase kinase 3-β targets it for proteasomal degradation.
CellLineName	T98 G
TextMods	33: 'GSK3β ' -> 'glycogen synthase kinase 3-β '

TextRef	info:pmid/19233958#body:209
PubYear	2009
MedlineTA	Carcinogenesis
MedLine Reference	19233958:1208
Sentence	It is believed that in this complex, GSK3β phosphorylates the β-catenin primarily when it is bound to axin.
CellLineName	LN-CAP

TextRef	info:pmid/14691449#body:134
PubYear	2004
MedlineTA	Oncogene
MedLine Reference	14691449:1133
Sentence	It thus seems that CF101 circumvents the inability of GSK-3β to phosphorylate β-catenin, leading to its susceptibility to degradation.

TextRef	info:pmid/18040021#body:67
PubYear	2007
MedlineTA	Circ Res
MedLine Reference	18040021:1066
Sentence	In the unstimulated cells, β-catenin is phosphorylated by GSK-3β and subjected to ubiqutination and proteasomal degradation.

TextRef	info:pmid/12629517#body:39
PubYear	2003
MedlineTA	Oncogene
MedLine Reference	12629517:1038
Sentence	In the absence of Wnt signaling, β-catenin is phosphorylated by GSK3β marking it for ubiquitination and proteosome degradation.

TextRef	info:pmid/15758175#body:309
PubYear	2005
MedlineTA	J Neurosci
MedLine Reference	15758175:1308
Sentence	Alternatively, β-catenin can be phosphorylated by GSK-3β inside the nucleus (Bijur and Jope, 2003[Go]).
CellType	Neurons

TextRef	info:pmid/18946023#body:48
PubYear	2008
MedlineTA	J Cell Sci
MedLine Reference	18946023:1047
Sentence	These proteins facilitate the phosphorylation of β-catenin by the Ser/Thr protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β).
Organ	Endoderm

TextRef	info:pmid/10213482#body:116
PubYear	1999
MedlineTA	Cancer Res
MedLine Reference	10213482:1115
Sentence	These mutations may also affect the formation of the GSK-3β-APC-axin complex and its ability to phosphorylate and degrade free β-catenin.

TextRef	info:pmid/18511911#body:42
PubYear	2008
MedlineTA	EMBO J
MedLine Reference	18511911:1041
Sentence	The phosphorylation of β-catenin by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) results in degradation through the ubiquitin pathway.

TextRef	info:pmid/12432063#body:41
PubYear	2002
MedlineTA	J Cell Sci
MedLine Reference	12432063:1040
Sentence	It is known that phosphorylation of β-catenin by GSK-3β determines its availability as a transducer of Wnt signals.
CellType	Epithelial Cells

TextRef	info:pmid/14734535#body:244
PubYear	2004
MedlineTA	J Cell Biol
MedLine Reference	14734535:1243
Sentence	As a consequence, β-catenin is no longer phosphorylated by GSK-3β and accumulates in the cytoplasm.
CellType	Neurons

TextRef	info:pmid/12907630#body:66
PubYear	2003
MedlineTA	Cancer Res
MedLine Reference	12907630:1065
Sentence	In the absence of a Wnt signal, GSK3β phosphorylates β-catenin and induces its ubiquitination and proteolytic degradation (13 , 14) .

TextRef	info:pmid/20711340#body:111
PubYear	2010
MedlineTA	PLoS ONE
MedLine Reference	20711340:1110
Sentence	Phosphorylation of β-catenin by glycogen synthase kinase 3β targets β-catenin to ubiquitination and proteasome degradation [4].
TextMods	33: 'GSK3β ' -> 'glycogen synthase kinase 3β '

TextRef	info:pmid/10023673#body:162
PubYear	1999
MedlineTA	Oncogene
MedLine Reference	10023673:1161
Sentence	By analogy with Axin, adenomatous polyposis coli protein may stimulate the phosphorylation of β-catenin by GSK-3β.
CellLineName	SW 480
TextMods	22: 'APC ' -> 'adenomatous polyposis coli protein '

TextRef	info:pmid/17353278#body:301
PubYear	2007
MedlineTA	Mol Cell Biol
MedLine Reference	17353278:1300
Sentence	It was shown previously that casein kinase 1-catalyzed phosphorylation primes the subsequent phosphorylation of β-catenin by GSK-3β (23).
TextMods	29: 'CK1' -> 'casein kinase 1'

TextRef	info:pmid/12941796#body:109
PubYear	2003
MedlineTA	Cancer Res
MedLine Reference	12941796:1108
Sentence	As mentioned, GSK-3β phosphorylates β-catenin and leads to the destruction of β-catenin by specific E3-dependent poly-ubiquitination (3 , 4) .

TextRef	info:pmid/14722236#body:39
PubYear	2004
MedlineTA	Mol Pharmacol
MedLine Reference	14722236:1038
Sentence	In the absence of Wnt, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta phosphorylates beta-catenin, reducing its stability and abundance.
TextMods	23: 'GSK-3 ' -> 'glycogen synthase kinase-3beta '
CellType	Totipotent Stem Cells

TextRef	info:pmid/15706349#body:52
PubYear	2005
MedlineTA	EMBO J
MedLine Reference	15706349:1051
Sentence	In the absence of Wnt signal, GSK-3β phosphorylates β-catenin, which earmarks it for rapid degradation by the ubiquitin system.

TextRef	info:pmid/12037688#body:74
PubYear	2002
MedlineTA	Oncogene
MedLine Reference	12037688:1073
Sentence	In its active form, GSK-3β suppresses mammalian cell proliferation and survival by phosphorylating the cytoplasmic protein, β-catenin.

TextRef	info:pmid/15684397#body:50
PubYear	2005
MedlineTA	Mol Cell Biol
MedLine Reference	15684397:1049
Sentence	Phosphorylation of β-catenin by GSK-3β causes degradation of β-catenin by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
CellType	T-Lymphocytes

TextRef	info:pmid/16039586#body:51
PubYear	2005
MedlineTA	Mol Cell
MedLine Reference	16039586:1050
Sentence	Thus, the two mechanisms prevent efficient β-catenin phosphorylation by GSK-3β, resulting in stabilization of β-catenin.
CellType	Hepatocytes
Organ	Liver

TextRef	info:pmid/17699760#body:61
PubYear	2007
MedlineTA	Cancer Res
MedLine Reference	17699760:1060
Sentence	This leads to a cessation of β-catenin phosphorylation by GSK-3β, which normally targets β-catenin for destruction by the proteasome.

TextRef	info:pmid/12149649#body:150
PubYear	2002
MedlineTA	Oncogene
MedLine Reference	12149649:1149
Sentence	Thus, N-terminal phosphorylation of β-catenin by GSK3-β promotes degradation while C-terminal phosphorylation by CK2 inhibits it.
CellType	Epithelial Cells
Organ	Mammary Gland

TextRef	info:pmid/12101426#body:90
PubYear	2002
MedlineTA	Oncogene
MedLine Reference	12101426:1089
Sentence	AXIN1 appears to function as a scaffold protein on which the complex for phosphorylation of β-catenin by glycogen synthase kinase-3β is assembled.
TextMods	106: 'GSK-3β ' -> 'glycogen synthase kinase-3β '

TextRef	info:pmid/14977918#body:220
PubYear	2004
MedlineTA	Genes Dev
MedLine Reference	14977918:1219
Sentence	In the absence of stimulus, β-catenin is phosphorylated by GSK3β and directed to a proteasome-dependent degradation fate (Salic et al. 2000[Go]).

TextRef	info:pmid/19237607#body:87
PubYear	2009
MedlineTA	Carcinogenesis
MedLine Reference	19237607:1086
Sentence	Under normal conditions, free β-catenin is rapidly phosphorylated by GSK-3β and subsequently degraded in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.

TextRef	info:pmid/18832654#body:69
PubYear	2009
MedlineTA	Blood
MedLine Reference	18832654:1068
Sentence	Phosphorylation of β-catenin by casein kinase I and GSK-3β leads to its ubiquitination and subsequent breakdown in the proteossome.
TextMods	33: 'CKI ' -> 'casein kinase I '
Tissue	Blood

TextRef	info:pmid/11425858#body:25
MedLine Reference	11425858:1024
Sentence	Active GSK3eta can phosphorylate APC and eta-catenin.
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v276 i35 p33147 (2001)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/272/40/24735
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10330181#body:21
MedLine Reference	10330181:1020
Sentence	GSK-3-mediated phosphorylation of beta-catenin leads to its rapid degradation.
CellLineName	SW 480
Journal	Mol. Cell. Biol
Journal Reference	v19 i6 p4414 (1999)
Journal Link	http://mcb.asm.org/cgi/content/full/19/6/4414
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/11818547#body:252
MedLine Reference	11818547:1251
Sentence	This inhibits the Axin-dependent phosphorylation of beta-catenin by GSK-3.
Journal	PNAS
Journal Reference	v99 i3 p1182 (2002)
Journal Link	http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/99/3/1182
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/11973335#body:26
MedLine Reference	11973335:1025
Sentence	In the absence of a stimulatory signal, low levels of eta-catenin are tightly regulated via phosphorylation by GSK-3eta.
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v277 i28 p25562 (2002)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/276/28/26180
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12147701#body:286
MedLine Reference	12147701:1285
Sentence	We therefore tested whether GID causes accumulation of beta-catenin in Neuro2A cells.
CellLineName	Neuro 2A
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v277 i40 p36955 (2002)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/278/35/33067
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12200448#body:23
MedLine Reference	12200448:1022
Sentence	Free cytoplasmic eta-catenin is phosphorylated by GSK-3eta, then degraded through interaction with eta-TrCP (Rubinfeld et al. , 1996 ; Liu et al. , 1999 ).
Tissue	epithelia
Journal	Mol. Biol. Cell
Journal Reference	v277 i44 p42386 (2002)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/277/44/42386
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/11527961#body:31
MedLine Reference	11527961:1030
Sentence	APC protein binds to eta-catenin and stimulates phosphorylation of eta-catenin by GSK3eta, one of the effectors in the Wnt signaling pathway (24) .
Tissue	epithelia
Journal	Cancer Res
Journal Reference	v59 i24 p6113 (1999)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/276/45/42276
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12925738#body:71
MedLine Reference	12925738:1070
Sentence	It was proposed that the bridging effect of Axin explains its ability to inhibit the Wnt pathway by enhancing eta-catenin phosphorylation by GSK-3eta ( 16 ).
Tissue	egg
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v274 i20 p14090 (1999)
Journal Link	http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/100/18/10193
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/11159911#body:14
MedLine Reference	11159911:1013
Sentence	Ectopic expression of GSK3eta, which inhibits eta-catenin-mediated Wnt signaling, also induced cardiogenesis in ventral mesoderm.
CellLineName	VENTRAL
Tissue	mesoderm
Journal	Genes & Dev
Journal Reference	v65 i1 p45 (2004)
Journal Link	http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/65/1/45
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/14764450#body:247
MedLine Reference	14764450:1246
Sentence	In normal cells, beta-catenin is constitutively phosphorylated by Gsk-3beta kinase, ubiquitinated by E3 ligase, and degraded in the proteasome ( Fig. 8 A ).
Tissue	epithelia
Journal	Gastr. Liver Phys
Journal Reference	v287 i1 pG220 (2004)
Journal Link	http://ajpgi.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/287/1/G220
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

MedLine Reference	3092832405
Journal	Cell
Journal Reference	v90 i1 p181.1 (1997)
Journal Link	http://www.cell.com/cgi/content/full/90/1/181
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/14977918#body:185
MedLine Reference	14977918:1184
CellType	Brain Stem
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v18 i4 p448 (2004)
Journal Link	http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/content/full/18/4/448
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/9539748#body:140
MedLine Reference	9539748:1139
Tissue	mesoderm
Journal	PNAS
Journal Reference	v95 i8 p4398 (1998)
Journal Link	http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/95/8/4398
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/9920888#body:40
MedLine Reference	9920888:1039
Tissue	egg
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v274 i6 p3439 (1999)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/274/6/3439
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

MedLine Reference	0:80236478
Tissue	egg
Journal	Cell
Journal Reference	v93 i6 p1031 (1998)
Journal Link	http://www.cell.com/cgi/content/full/93/6/1031
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12794184#body:137
MedLine Reference	12794184:1136
CellLineName	P19
Journal	PNAS
Journal Reference	v100 i13 p7632 (1996)
Journal Link	http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/100/13/7632
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10341227#abs:3
MedLine Reference	10341227:2
Organ	Brain
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/15337757#body:358
MedLine Reference	15337757:1357
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10913153#body:272
MedLine Reference	10913153:1271
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12421827#body:19
MedLine Reference	12421827:1018
Organ	gastric
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v278 i2 p1380 (2003)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/278/2/1380
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12796505#body:145
MedLine Reference	12796505:1144
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v278 i35 p33067 (2003)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/278/35/33067
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

MedLine Reference	3094268811
Journal	Cell
Journal Reference	v90 i1 p181.1 (1997)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/277/26/23330
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/11337505#body:30
MedLine Reference	11337505:1029
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v275 i44 p34399 (2000)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/275/44/34399
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/11589691#body:222
MedLine Reference	11589691:1221
Journal	Eur. J. Biochem
Journal Reference	v268 i19 p5001 (2001)
Journal Link	http://www.ejbiochem.org/cgi/content/full/268/19/5001
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/11967263#body:50
MedLine Reference	11967263:1049
Journal	PNAS
Journal Reference	v277 i26 p23330 (2002)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/277/26/23330
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10915780#body:39
MedLine Reference	10915780:1038
Tissue	mammary
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v275 i42 p32649 (2000)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/275/42/32649
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12183446#body:251
MedLine Reference	12183446:1250
CellType	keratinocyte
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v277 i43 p40390 (2002)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/277/43/40390
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12176738#body:37
MedLine Reference	12176738:1036
CellLineName	JURKAT
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v283 i3 pC811 (2002)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/277/26/23573
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12097378#body:182
MedLine Reference	12097378:1181
CellLineName	FP
CellType	B-cell
Journal	J. Immunol
Journal Reference	v276 i16 p12489 (2001)
Journal Link	http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/full/169/2/758
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/15075197#body:142
MedLine Reference	15075197:1141
CellLineName	S2
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v274 i31 p21790 (1999)
Journal Link	http://ajpcell.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/286/5/C987
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/9391078#body:151
MedLine Reference	9391078:1150
CellLineName	10T1/2
Journal	PNAS
Journal Reference	v94 i25 p13636 (1997)
Journal Link	http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/94/25/13636
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/11154277#body:403
MedLine Reference	11154277:1402
CellLineName	C57MG
Journal	Genes & Dev
Journal Reference	v13 i10 p1309 (1999)
Journal Link	http://mcb.asm.org/cgi/content/full/21/3/902
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12027456#abs:2
MedLine Reference	12027456:1
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/11029052#body:25
MedLine Reference	11029052:1024
Tissue	epithelia
Journal	Genes & Dev
Journal Reference	v11 i10 p3509 (2000)
Journal Link	http://www.molbiolcell.org/cgi/content/full/11/10/3509
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10775144#body:25
MedLine Reference	10775144:1024
Tissue	egg
Journal	Heart Circul
Journal Reference	v278 i5 pH1640 (2000)
Journal Link	http://ajpheart.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/278/5/H1640
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10749878#body:210
MedLine Reference	10749878:1209
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v275 i23 p17894 (2000)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/275/23/17894
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10783160#body:95
MedLine Reference	10783160:1094
CellType	lymphocyte
Journal	EMBO
Journal Reference	v14 i8 p889 (2000)
Journal Link	http://embojournal.npgjournals.com/cgi/content/full/18/9/2401
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/9603939#body:209
MedLine Reference	9603939:1208
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v276 i43 p40113 (2001)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/273/23/14315
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12239346#body:23
MedLine Reference	12239346:1022
Journal	PNAS
Journal Reference	v99 i20 p13254 (2002)
Journal Link	http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/99/20/13254
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/15282335#body:43
MedLine Reference	15282335:1042
Tissue	muscle
Journal	Mol. Biol. Cell
Journal Reference	v15 i10 p4544 (2004)
Journal Link	http://www.molbiolcell.org/cgi/content/full/15/10/4544
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10339577#body:96
MedLine Reference	10339577:1095
Tissue	egg
Journal	PNAS
Journal Reference	v18 i4 p448 (2004)
Journal Link	http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/96/11/6273
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10809663#body:488
MedLine Reference	10809663:1487
Journal	Mol. Biol. Cell
Journal Reference	v14 i7 p2844 (2003)
Journal Link	http://www.molbiolcell.org/cgi/content/full/14/7/2844
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/11834740#body:22
MedLine Reference	11834740:1021
Journal	Pharm. Rev
Journal Reference	v54 i3 p527 (2002)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/277/20/17901
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10097128#body:163
MedLine Reference	10097128:1162
Journal	PNAS
Journal Reference	v96 i7 p3859 (1999)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/277/18/16147
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10748202#body:247
MedLine Reference	10748202:1246
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v275 i19 p14736 (2000)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/275/46/35680
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10549354#abs:8
MedLine Reference	10549354:7
CellLineName	VENTRAL
Journal	Mol. Cell. Biol
Journal Reference	v19 i10 p7147 (1999)
Journal Link	http://mcb.asm.org/cgi/content/full/19/10/7147
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/11950839#body:292
MedLine Reference	11950839:1291
CellLineName	JURKAT
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v283 i3 pC811 (2002)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/277/26/23573
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12130654#body:249
MedLine Reference	12130654:1248
CellLineName	SW 480
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v278 i32 p29954 (2003)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/278/32/29954
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/11036939#abs:10
MedLine Reference	11036939:9
Organ	Colon
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/14607840#abs:9
MedLine Reference	14607840:8
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12969793#abs:6
MedLine Reference	12969793:5
CellType	fibroblast
Organ	Liver
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v278 i16 p13995 (2003)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/278/16/13995
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12154096#body:32
MedLine Reference	12154096:1031
CellType	neural
Organ	Brain
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v277 i41 p38239 (2002)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/277/41/38239
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

MedLine Reference	2698906597
Tissue	egg
Journal	Cell
Journal Reference	v105 i3 p391 (2001)
Journal Link	http://www.cell.com/cgi/content/full/93/6/1031.1
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

MedLine Reference	2534092446
Tissue	egg
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v279 i47 p49188 (2004)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/279/47/49188
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

MedLine Reference	3768362607
Tissue	egg
Journal	Cell
Journal Reference	v90 i1 p181.2 (1997)
Journal Link	http://www.cell.com/cgi/content/full/90/1/181.2
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12223487#body:25
MedLine Reference	12223487:1024
Tissue	egg
Journal	Cell
Journal Reference	v93 i6 p1031.2 (1998)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/277/46/43844
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/11741940#body:29
MedLine Reference	11741940:1028
Tissue	epithelia
Journal	Cancer Res
Journal Reference	v277 i7 p5134 (2002)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/277/7/5134
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/14600025#body:185
MedLine Reference	14600025:1184
Tissue	ectoderm
Journal	Genes & Dev
Journal Reference	v17 i16 p1963 (2003)
Journal Link	http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/content/full/17/16/1963
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/11278246#body:24
MedLine Reference	11278246:1023
Tissue	cardiovascular
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v276 i20 p17479 (2001)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/279/31/32444
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12077113#body:28
MedLine Reference	12077113:1027
Tissue	Lymph
CellType	Brain Stem
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v275 i44 p34399 (2000)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/275/44/34399
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/9233789#body:151
MedLine Reference	9233789:1150
CellLineName	NIH 3T3
Tissue	egg
Journal	Cell
Journal Reference	v93 i6 p1031.2 (1998)
Journal Link	http://www.cell.com/cgi/content/full/93/6/1031.2
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10944533#body:289
MedLine Reference	10944533:1288
CellLineName	SW 480
Tissue	egg
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v275 i47 p37030 (2000)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/275/47/37030
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12893779#body:55
MedLine Reference	12893779:1054
CellLineName	P19
Tissue	mesoderm
Journal	Genes & Dev
Journal Reference	v65 i1 p45 (2004)
Journal Link	http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/65/1/45
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/9482734#body:288
MedLine Reference	9482734:1287
CellLineName	COS
Tissue	egg
Journal	EMBO
Journal Reference	v15 i11 p1427 (2001)
Journal Link	http://embojournal.npgjournals.com/cgi/content/full/17/5/1371
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10906131#abs:4
MedLine Reference	10906131:3
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12799363#body:51
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Tissue	epithelia
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v278 i34 p31781 (2003)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/278/34/31781
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/11504726#body:106
MedLine Reference	11504726:1105
Tissue	cortex
CellType	neural
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v73 i1 p408 (1999)
Journal Link	http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/servlet/useragent?func=showIssues&code=jnc
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/15355978#body:27
MedLine Reference	15355978:1026
Tissue	egg
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v19 i5 p1010 (2000)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/279/47/49188
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10347172#body:24
MedLine Reference	10347172:1023
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v274 i23 p16180 (1999)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/275/32/25008
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12902344#body:26
MedLine Reference	12902344:1025
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
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Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10535959#body:18
MedLine Reference	10535959:1017
Journal	PNAS
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Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/14563921#body:16
MedLine Reference	14563921:1015
CellType	neural
Journal	PNAS
Journal Reference	v100 i22 p12729 (1996)
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Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10330231#body:30
MedLine Reference	10330231:1029
Journal	Heart Circul
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Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12228224#body:104
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CellLineName	SH-SY5Y
Tissue	egg
Journal	Cell
Journal Reference	v93 i6 p1031 (1998)
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Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10490650#body:38
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Tissue	egg
Journal	Mol. Cell. Biol
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Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/11154274#body:403
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Journal	Mol. Cell. Biol
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Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10220399#body:87
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Journal	PNAS
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TextRef	info:pmid/10816572#body:204
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CellLineName	U251
CellType	Brain Stem
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Journal	PNAS
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Journal Link	http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/100/10/5834
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10421629#body:17
MedLine Reference	10421629:1016
Tissue	egg
Organ	gastric
Journal	Genes & Dev
Journal Reference	v13 i14 p1768 (1999)
Journal Link	http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/content/full/13/14/1768
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/15020584#body:181
MedLine Reference	15020584:1180
Tissue	egg
CellType	cardiomyocyte
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v19 i10 p7147 (1999)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/279/20/21383
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/11390362#body:25
MedLine Reference	11390362:1024
Tissue	egg
Journal	Genes & Dev
Journal Reference	v20 i18 p6712 (2000)
Journal Link	http://mcb.asm.org/cgi/content/full/20/18/6712
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/11358522#body:32
MedLine Reference	11358522:1031
Tissue	egg
Journal	Cell
Journal Reference	v93 i6 p1031 (1998)
Journal Link	http://www.ejbiochem.org/cgi/content/full/268/10/3036
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/10626800#body:117
MedLine Reference	10626800:1116
Tissue	epithelia
Journal	Cancer Res
Journal Reference	v59 i24 p6113 (1999)
Journal Link	http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/full/59/24/6113
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/11408485#body:34
MedLine Reference	11408485:1033
Tissue	Lymph
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v276 i34 p32152 (2001)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/277/34/30870
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/15178691#body:39
MedLine Reference	15178691:1038
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v279 i31 p32444 (2004)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/279/31/32444
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12086851#abs:5
MedLine Reference	12086851:4
Tissue	muscle
Journal	Mol. Biol. Cell
Journal Reference	v15 i10 p4544 (2004)
Journal Link	http://www.molbiolcell.org/cgi/content/full/15/10/4544
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/15240817#body:300
MedLine Reference	15240817:1299
CellLineName	SW 480
Tissue	hair
Organ	Hair follicle
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v279 i19 p19592 (2004)
Journal Link	http://www.molbiolcell.org/cgi/content/full/15/9/4278
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12511557#body:38
MedLine Reference	12511557:1037
CellLineName	ES
Tissue	cortex
Organ	renal
Journal	J. Biol. Chem
Journal Reference	v279 i46 p48063 (2004)
Journal Link	http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/279/46/48063
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/15194561#body:37
MedLine Reference	15194561:1036
CellLineName	SW 480
Journal	J. Cell Biol
Journal Reference	v287 i1 pG286 (2004)
Journal Link	http://ajpgi.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/287/1/G286
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/9990852#body:222
MedLine Reference	9990852:1221
CellLineName	P19
Journal	Genes & Dev
Journal Reference	v100 i13 p7632 (1996)
Journal Link	http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/100/13/7632
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/12668767#body:23
MedLine Reference	12668767:1022
CellLineName	C3H 10T1/2
Tissue	mesenchyma
Journal	PNAS
Journal Reference	v100 i8 p4610 (1996)
Journal Link	http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/100/8/4610
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways

TextRef	info:pmid/15342488#body:125
MedLine Reference	15342488:1124
CellLineName	VT
Tissue	egg
Journal	J. Immunol
Journal Reference	v18 i17 p2060 (2004)
Journal Link	http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/content/full/18/17/2060
Source	Ariadne Signaling Pathways