This is a robust phenomenon characterized by repeated episodes of intermittent hypoxia. Unrestrained SD, F344, Wistar-Kyoto show respiratory pauses that related to sleep. Carotid bodies are involved in the regulation of ventilation during sleep. A1 and A2 agonists that stimulate the carotid bodies reduce the apnea index (AI) that reduces sleep efficiency. (REF RGD ID: 5133422). Hydrazine is used to lower blood pressure which reduces the spontaneous and post-sigh sleep apneas per hour in hypertensive rats (RGD_ID: 5133423).

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