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QTLs Help
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| Definition of a QTL | ||||
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Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) is a polymorphic locus which contains alleles that differentially affect the expression of a continuously distributed phenotypic trait. Usually it is a marker described by statistical association to quantitative variation in the particular phenotypic trait that is thought to be controlled by the cumulative action of alleles at multiple loci. A disease-specific QTL in a rat model is obtained by intensive genetic crossing and analysis and is expected to contain one to many genetic elements that would be contributing to the phenotype in the rat. An affected strain (showing the phenotype) is crossed with an unaffected strain (lacking the phenotype), the progeny are genotyped and phenotyped and through statistical techniques, a correlation is made between a particular genotype and the phenotype being measured. This is covered in more detail in the "How do I do genetic mapping?" section. For a comprehensive review of QTL mapping techniques in the rat see "Genetic Analysis of Inherited Hypertension in the Rat" by John Rapp, Physiological Reviews, 90:135-172,2000 [ back to top ] |
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| How do I find information about a QTL | ||||
RGD provides several methods for locating information on QTLs. Users can either perform quick or specific queries to obtain information. 1. RGD Search: This will search QTL symbols, names, aliases, trait name, subtrait name, trait description/method, and annotations. (See General RGD Search help for more information). Quick Guide
2. QTL Search Form - Provides more customizable options for locating specific QTL information. Details about search parameters are outlined below. (link this to section below) Quick Guide
(LOD = A statistical estimate of the likelihood that two loci lie near each other on a chromosome and are therefore likely to be inherited together. A LOD score of three or more is generally taken to indicate that the two loci are close) Below is a more detailed explanation of each element of the search form which will allow you greater flexibility to refine your searches. Details of search parameters will allow you greater flexibility to refine your searches. QTL Symbol/Alias/NameEnter a QTL symbol, alias or keyword. This tool will search the QTL symbol, name and alias (synonym) fields in the database. The asterisk '*' is an accepted wildcard. In addition, various other options are available to refine the search (See below). Search for QTLs based on your keyword matching curated annotations. These include free text and controlled vocabulary (Disease and Phenotype ontologies). When searching ontologies the terms' synonyms and descendant terms will also be searched. Restrict the returned QTLs to those detected for a particular phenotypic trait. The traits currently listed are those reported by the researcher in the publication. A controlled vocabulary to describe these more uniformly is under development. Restrict the returned QTLs to those detected using a particular strain. Restrict the returned QTLs to ones mapped to a particular chromosome. The limit may also include the start and stop coordinates on the genome assembly version listed next to the input boxes. Limit to QTLs with LOD score greater than Restrict the returned QTLs to those with a reported LOD score of greater than the value provided. LLimit to QTLs with P-value greater than 0 and less than 1 Restrict the returned QTLs to those with a reported P-value of less than the value provided, but between 0 and 1.
Indicates the number of hits that are returned on the first results page. The result page also lists the parameters that were used to query the database. After you submit a query, a results page is generated displaying content related to your given search parameters. Examples of a Query Result, Select Items Report and Downloadable Report are given below. There are several functions provided on the results page that allow the user to easily navigate through detailed information about the objects that match the search criteria.
QTL Query Results Page Example:
Selected Items Report Example:
The file can be saved as an Excel file by clicking on the File button in the upper left corner of the web browser window and saved by selecting Save as type: Microsoft Excel Workbook.
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| What information does RGD have for QTLs | ||||
| RGD generates QTL reports, which are divided into sections containing different categories of information. Not all information will be available for every QTL. The report also has summary icons at the top of the report. The icons are displayed, if data is available in the icon's section of the report. The icons hyperlink to their sections on the report allowing easier navigation on large reports. Descriptions for each information section are given below:
An Example QTL Report Page:
The approved QTL symbol. This may be different than the symbol
used in the article, but all other symbols used for this QTL will
be listed in the alias symbol section. The approved full text name for the QTL Symbols that have been used to refer to this QTL in the past Names that have been used to refer to this QTL in the past The measurable phenotype category that was studied
in the mapping of the QTL. If multiple traits were reported in the
article, only the trait with the highest statistical significance
will be indicated. Other significant traits will be described in the annotation section. If applicable, a subcategory of the trait measured.
For example, a QTL defined by measuring systolic blood pressure
would have a Trait entry of Blood pressure and a subtrait
of systolic. This allows a degree of categorization of
QTLs and their traits. A more comprehensive controlled vocabulary
is in development. A summary of the protocol used to determine the trait/sub-trait. The human disease associated with the phenotype
measured. This is a controlled vocabulary term. Clicking on the
term will hyperlink to the ontology browser. A list of all the phenotypes measured. This is
a controlled vocabulary term. Clicking on the term will hyperlink
to the ontology browser. A list of all the statistics reported in the article. Summary map data related to the QTL, including
the chromosome where it is found, the markers defining the ends
of the QTL and the peak marker. List of strains that were used to determine the
QTL. The strain symbols are hyperlinked to a Strain report with
more details about the strain.. An image of the QTL on its chromosome. The genome
coordinates are also listed along with the assembly version. A drop down box provides hyperlinks to various
genome viewing tools. The hyperlink will enter the tool with the
same chromosome and coordinates as the QTL report. See the drop-down box's choice
of links below. List the mapping information for the flanking and
peak markers. The symbol will hyperlink to the marker's report page.
The map name, chromosome, and position will hyperlink to the map viewing tool. QTLs typically have up to three pieces of mapping
information associated with them: These are shown graphically in the example QTL diagram below: Mapping information is shown for any or all of
the flanking or peak markers that have been reported in the literature.
If these markers are not present on a genetic or radiation hybrid
map within RGD this is shown by the text "No mapping information
available within RGD" even though these markers have obviously been
mapped in the QTL study. If mapping data is available, it is linked
to further information as shown below: Curated annotations for phenotypes, disease, candidate genes, etc.
are listed in this section Contains hyperlinks to a report with all external database links
and also hyperlinks directly to external databases where possible. The new report page lists all available external database links.
The new report page looks like the report below. Links to a Reference summary report. The report contains a list
of the reference's RGD ID, title, citation, and hyperlinks to the
RGD reference report and the Pubmed reference report. The QTL's reference report looks like the report below. This section lists the RGD ID of the QTL and also has a hyperlink
to the Nomenclature and Modification History report. The QTL's Nomenclature and Modification History report looks like
the report below. [ back to top ] |
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