Pdyn (prodynorphin) - Rat Genome Database

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Gene: Pdyn (prodynorphin) Rattus norvegicus
Analyze
Symbol: Pdyn
Name: prodynorphin
RGD ID: 62054
Description: Predicted to enable opioid receptor binding activity. Involved in response to immobilization stress and response to nicotine. Located in several cellular components, including dendritic spine; dense core granule; and neuronal cell body. Is active in neuronal dense core vesicle lumen and synaptic vesicle. Used to study depressive disorder. Biomarker of several diseases, including alcohol use disorder; amphetamine abuse; brain disease (multiple); cocaine abuse; and morphine dependence. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including alcohol dependence; alcohol use disorder; amphetamine abuse; drug dependence (multiple); and spinocerebellar ataxia type 23. Orthologous to human PDYN (prodynorphin); INTERACTS WITH (R,R)-tramadol; (S)-amphetamine; 1,3-dinitrobenzene.
Type: protein-coding
RefSeq Status: VALIDATED
Previously known as: beta-neoendorphin-dynorphin; preprodynorphin; proenkephalin B; proenkephalin-B
RGD Orthologs
Human
Mouse
Chinchilla
Bonobo
Dog
Squirrel
Pig
Green Monkey
Naked Mole-Rat
Black Rat
Alliance Orthologs
More Info more info ...
Latest Assembly: GRCr8 - GRCr8 Assembly
Position:
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCr83137,354,161 - 137,366,503 (-)NCBIGRCr8GRCr8GRCr8
GRCr8 Ensembl3137,354,161 - 137,366,503 (-)EnsemblGRCr8
mRatBN7.23116,900,990 - 116,913,334 (-)NCBImRatBN7.2mRatBN7.2
mRatBN7.2 Ensembl3116,900,992 - 116,913,334 (-)EnsemblmRatBN7.2
UTH_Rnor_SHR_Utx3120,798,229 - 120,810,577 (-)NCBIUTH_Rnor_SHR_UtxUTH_Rnor_SHR_Utx
UTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.03129,393,853 - 129,406,201 (-)NCBIUTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.0UTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.0
UTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.03127,054,324 - 127,066,672 (-)NCBIUTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.0UTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.0
Rnor_6.03122,194,327 - 122,206,671 (-)NCBIRnor_6.0Rnor_6.0rn6Rnor6.0
Rnor_6.0 Ensembl3122,194,329 - 122,206,671 (-)Ensemblrn6Rnor6.0
Rnor_5.03127,809,688 - 127,822,296 (+)NCBIRnor_5.0Rnor_5.0rn5
RGSC_v3.43117,291,025 - 117,303,367 (-)NCBIRGSC_v3.4RGSC_v3.4rn4
Celera3115,716,443 - 115,728,785 (-)NCBICelera
RGSC_v3.13117,196,597 - 117,208,923 (-)NCBI
Cytogenetic Map3q36NCBI
JBrowse:




Gene-Chemical Interaction Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
(R,R)-tramadol  (EXP)
(S)-amphetamine  (EXP,ISO)
1,2-dimethylhydrazine  (ISO)
1,3-dinitrobenzene  (EXP)
17beta-estradiol  (EXP)
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine  (EXP,ISO)
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran  (EXP)
2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-methylethylamine  (EXP)
2-hydroxypropanoic acid  (EXP)
2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine  (EXP)
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine  (EXP)
4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol  (ISO)
4-hydroxynon-2-enal  (ISO)
5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine  (ISO)
8-OH-DPAT  (EXP)
aflatoxin B1  (ISO)
all-trans-retinoic acid  (EXP,ISO)
alpha-Neoendorphin  (EXP)
amiodarone  (ISO)
ammonium chloride  (EXP)
amphetamine  (EXP,ISO)
Azoxymethane  (ISO)
baclofen  (EXP)
benzo[a]pyrene  (ISO)
bisphenol A  (EXP,ISO)
capsaicin  (EXP)
carbon nanotube  (ISO)
CGP 52608  (ISO)
chlorpyrifos  (EXP,ISO)
cisplatin  (ISO)
Clasto-Lactacystin beta-lactone  (ISO)
cocaine  (EXP,ISO)
corticosterone  (EXP,ISO)
decabromodiphenyl ether  (EXP)
dexamethasone  (EXP)
dextran sulfate  (ISO)
diazepam  (EXP)
dibutyl phthalate  (EXP)
diethylstilbestrol  (EXP)
dorsomorphin  (ISO)
doxorubicin  (ISO)
Dynorphin B  (EXP)
entinostat  (ISO)
epoxomicin  (EXP,ISO)
ethanol  (EXP,ISO)
fentanyl  (EXP)
fluoxetine  (EXP)
folic acid  (ISO)
fomepizole  (ISO)
ginsenoside Re  (ISO)
glyphosate  (EXP)
haloperidol  (EXP)
heroin  (EXP,ISO)
hydrogen peroxide  (ISO)
kainic acid  (EXP)
ketoconazole  (EXP)
lead diacetate  (EXP)
lipopolysaccharide  (ISO)
maneb  (EXP)
methamphetamine  (EXP,ISO)
methoxychlor  (EXP)
mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate  (EXP,ISO)
morphine  (EXP,ISO)
N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal  (ISO)
Nandrolone decanoate  (EXP)
nicotine  (EXP)
Norbinaltorphimine  (ISO)
oxidopamine  (EXP,ISO)
Oxymorphone  (EXP)
ozone  (ISO)
panobinostat  (ISO)
paracetamol  (ISO)
paraquat  (EXP)
pentetrazol  (EXP)
pentobarbital  (EXP)
pirinixic acid  (ISO)
potassium atom  (ISO)
prochloraz  (EXP)
rac-lactic acid  (EXP)
raloxifene  (EXP)
resveratrol  (ISO)
ritanserin  (EXP)
SB 431542  (ISO)
scopolamine  (EXP,ISO)
SL-327  (EXP)
sodium arsenite  (ISO)
tamoxifen  (EXP)
thimerosal  (ISO)
titanium dioxide  (ISO)
tramadol  (EXP)
trichostatin A  (ISO)
triphenyl phosphate  (ISO)
U69593  (EXP)
valproic acid  (EXP,ISO)
vanoxerine dihydrochloride  (EXP)
vorinostat  (ISO)

Gene Ontology Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View

Cellular Component

Molecular Function

References

References - curated
# Reference Title Reference Citation
1. Impaired periamygdaloid-cortex prodynorphin is characteristic of opiate addiction and depression. Anderson SA, etal., J Clin Invest. 2013 Dec;123(12):5334-41. doi: 10.1172/JCI70395. Epub 2013 Nov 15.
2. The endogenous opioid system in human alcoholics: molecular adaptations in brain areas involved in cognitive control of addiction. Bazov I, etal., Addict Biol. 2013 Jan;18(1):161-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00366.x. Epub 2011 Sep 28.
3. Downregulation of the neuronal opioid gene expression concomitantly with neuronal decline in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of human alcoholics. Bazov I, etal., Transl Psychiatry. 2018 Jun 20;8(1):122. doi: 10.1038/s41398-017-0075-5.
4. Alteration of kappa-opioid receptor system expression in distinct brain regions of a genetic model of enhanced ethanol withdrawal severity. Beadles-Bohling AS and Wiren KM, Brain Res. 2005 Jun 7;1046(1-2):77-89. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.03.043.
5. Short-term withdrawal from repeated exposure to cocaine during adolescence modulates dynorphin mRNA levels and BDNF signaling in the rat nucleus accumbens. Caputi FF, etal., Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 Apr 1;197:127-133. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.006. Epub 2019 Feb 13.
6. Dysregulation of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ and Dynorphin Systems in the Extended Amygdala of Alcohol Preferring Marchigian Sardinian (msP) Rats. Caputi FF, etal., Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 28;22(5):2448. doi: 10.3390/ijms22052448.
7. Opioid gene expression changes and post-translational histone modifications at promoter regions in the rat nucleus accumbens after acute and repeated 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) exposure. Caputi FF, etal., Pharmacol Res. 2016 Dec;114:209-218. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.10.023. Epub 2016 Oct 29.
8. Repeated nicotine exposure modulates prodynorphin and pronociceptin levels in the reward pathway. Carboni L, etal., Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016 Sep 1;166:150-8. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.002. Epub 2016 Jul 12.
9. Effect of ethanol on hypothalamic opioid peptides, enkephalin, and dynorphin: relationship with circulating triglycerides. Chang GQ, etal., Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007 Feb;31(2):249-59. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00312.x.
10. Potentially functional polymorphism in the promoter region of prodynorphin gene may be associated with protection against cocaine dependence or abuse. Chen AC, etal., Am J Med Genet. 2002 May 8;114(4):429-35. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.10362.
11. Changes of mRNA expression of enkephalin and prodynorphin in hippocampus of rats with chronic immobilization stress. Chen JX, etal., World J Gastroenterol. 2004 Sep 1;10(17):2547-9. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i17.2547.
12. Effect of adenoviral delivery of prodynorphin gene on experimental inflammatory pain induced by formalin in rats. Chen X, etal., Int J Clin Exp Med. 2014 Dec 15;7(12):4877-86. eCollection 2014.
13. Sequence and expression of the rat prodynorphin gene. Civelli O, etal., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1985 Jun;82(12):4291-5.
14. An association of prodynorphin polymorphisms and opioid dependence in females in a Chinese population. Clarke TK, etal., Addict Biol. 2009 Jul;14(3):366-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00151.x. Epub 2009 Mar 5.
15. Genetic association analyses of PDYN polymorphisms with heroin and cocaine addiction. Clarke TK, etal., Genes Brain Behav. 2012 Jun;11(4):415-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2012.00785.x. Epub 2012 Apr 11.
16. Virus-mediated shRNA knockdown of prodynorphin in the rat nucleus accumbens attenuates depression-like behavior and cocaine locomotor sensitization. Cohen A, etal., PLoS One. 2014 May 9;9(5):e97216. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097216. eCollection 2014.
17. Opioid system genes in alcoholism: a case-control study in Croatian population. Cupic B, etal., Neuropeptides. 2013 Oct;47(5):315-9. doi: 10.1016/j.npep.2013.08.002. Epub 2013 Aug 28.
18. Different alcohol exposures induce selective alterations on the expression of dynorphin and nociceptin systems related genes in rat brain. D'Addario C, etal., Addict Biol. 2013 May;18(3):425-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00326.x. Epub 2011 Apr 20.
19. Genetic variation and epigenetic modification of the prodynorphin gene in peripheral blood cells in alcoholism. D'Addario C, etal., Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2017 Jun 2;76:195-203. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.03.012. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
20. Confirmation of the association between a polymorphism in the promoter region of the prodynorphin gene and cocaine dependence. Dahl JP, etal., Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2005 Nov 5;139B(1):106-8. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30238.
21. Chronic and acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine ('Ecstasy') administration on the dynorphinergic system in the rat brain. Di Benedetto M, etal., Neuroscience. 2006;137(1):187-96. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.09.015. Epub 2005 Nov 10.
22. Characterization of the rat prodynorphin gene. Douglass J, etal., Mol Endocrinol 1989 Dec;3(12):2070-8.
23. Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Gaudet P, etal., Brief Bioinform. 2011 Sep;12(5):449-62. doi: 10.1093/bib/bbr042. Epub 2011 Aug 27.
24. Changes in the prodynorphin gene and DARPP-32 state in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats following long-term treatment with l-dopa. Guan Q, etal., Neurosci Lett. 2007 Oct 9;426(1):64-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.08.043. Epub 2007 Aug 25.
25. L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia is associated with regional increase of striatal dynorphin peptides as elucidated by imaging mass spectrometry. Hanrieder J, etal., Mol Cell Proteomics. 2011 Oct;10(10):M111.009308. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M111.009308. Epub 2011 Jul 6.
26. Evaluation of prodynorphin gene polymorphisms and their association with heroin addiction in a sample of the southeast Iranian population. Hashemi M, etal., Mol Biol Res Commun. 2018 Mar;7(1):1-6. doi: 10.22099/mbrc.2017.27182.1294.
27. Colocalization of CART peptide with prodynorphin and dopamine D1 receptors in the rat nucleus accumbens. Hubert GW and Kuhar MJ, Neuropeptides. 2006 Dec;40(6):409-15. Epub 2006 Oct 24.
28. Prodynorphin mRNA expression in the rat dentate gyrus after cerebral ischemia. Héron A, etal., Neuropeptides. 1996 Aug;30(4):355-8. doi: 10.1016/s0143-4179(96)90024-4.
29. Dynorphin A, kappa opioid receptors and the antinociceptive efficacy of asimadoline in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Jolivalt CG, etal., Diabetologia. 2006 Nov;49(11):2775-85. Epub 2006 Aug 19.
30. Association of the PDYN gene with alcohol dependence and the propensity to drink in negative emotional states. Karpyak VM, etal., Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013 Jun;16(5):975-85. doi: 10.1017/S1461145712001137. Epub 2012 Oct 29.
31. Association of PDYN 68-bp VNTR polymorphism with sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone treatment and with opioid or alcohol use disorder: Effect on craving, depression, anxiety and age onset of first use. Kaya-Akyüzlü D, etal., Eur J Pharmacol. 2022 Apr 15;921:174862. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174862. Epub 2022 Mar 7.
32. Corelease of dynorphin-like immunoreactivity, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone from rat adenohypophysis in vitro. Knepel W, etal., Endocrinology. 1985 Aug;117(2):481-7. doi: 10.1210/endo-117-2-481.
33. Proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNA level in brain of rats with absence epilepsy. Lasoń W, etal., Neuropeptides. 1994 Dec;27(6):343-7. doi: 10.1016/0143-4179(94)90060-4.
34. Embryonic ventral mesencephalic grafts improve levodopa-induced dyskinesia in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Lee CS, etal., Brain. 2000 Jul;123 ( Pt 7):1365-79. doi: 10.1093/brain/123.7.1365.
35. Association of Alcohol Use Disorder Risk With ADH1B, DRD2, FAAH, SLC39A8, GCKR, and PDYN Genetic Polymorphisms. Legaki E, etal., In Vivo. 2022 Sep-Oct;36(5):2092-2104. doi: 10.21873/invivo.12935.
36. From unilateral to bilateral parkinsonism: Effects of lateralization on dyskinesias and associated molecular mechanisms. Marin C, etal., Neuropharmacology. 2015 Oct;97:365-75. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.06.004. Epub 2015 Jun 22.
37. Regulation of gene expression by chronic morphine and morphine withdrawal in the locus ceruleus and ventral tegmental area. McClung CA, etal., J Neurosci. 2005 Jun 22;25(25):6005-15. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0062-05.2005.
38. Rat ISS GO annotations from MGI mouse gene data--August 2006 MGD data from the GO Consortium
39. An analysis of genetic association in opioid dependence susceptibility. Nagaya D, etal., J Clin Pharm Ther. 2018 Feb;43(1):80-86. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.12585. Epub 2017 Jun 27.
40. Electronic Transfer of LocusLink and RefSeq Data NCBI rat LocusLink and RefSeq merged data July 26, 2002
41. Genetic variant of prodynorphin gene is risk factor for methamphetamine dependence. Nomura A, etal., Neurosci Lett. 2006 May 29;400(1-2):158-62. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.02.038. Epub 2006 Mar 9.
42. OMIM Disease Annotation Pipeline OMIM Disease Annotation Pipeline
43. Common transcriptional effects in the mouse striatum following chronic treatment with heroin and methamphetamine. Piechota M, etal., Genes Brain Behav. 2012 Jun;11(4):404-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2012.00777.x. Epub 2012 Apr 11.
44. PDYN rs2281285 variant association with drinking to avoid emotional or somatic discomfort. Preuss UW, etal., PLoS One. 2013 Nov 6;8(11):e78688. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078688. eCollection 2013.
45. Repeated ethanol administration decreases prodynorphin biosynthesis in the rat hippocampus. Przewłocka B, etal., Neurosci Lett. 1992 Jan 6;134(2):195-8. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(92)90515-9.
46. The effect of single and repeated morphine administration on the prodynorphin system activity in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of the rat. Przewłocka B, etal., Neuroscience. 1996 Feb;70(3):749-54. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(96)83012-0.
47. Expression of the prodynorphin gene after experimental brain injury and its role in behavioral dysfunction. Redell JB, etal., Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2003 Mar;228(3):261-9.
48. GOA pipeline RGD automated data pipeline
49. ClinVar Automated Import and Annotation Pipeline RGD automated import pipeline for ClinVar variants, variant-to-disease annotations and gene-to-disease annotations
50. Data Import for Chemical-Gene Interactions RGD automated import pipeline for gene-chemical interactions
51. Chronic intracerebroventricular cocaine differentially affects prodynorphin gene expression in rat hypothalamus and caudate-putamen. Romualdi P, etal., Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1996 Aug;40(1):153-6. doi: 10.1016/0169-328x(96)00091-5.
52. Early changes in prodynorphin mRNA and ir-dynorphin A levels after kindled seizures in the rat. Romualdi P, etal., Eur J Neurosci. 1995 Sep 1;7(9):1850-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb00705.x.
53. Region-specific changes in prodynorphin mRNA and ir-dynorphin A levels after kindled seizures. Romualdi P, etal., J Mol Neurosci. 1999 Aug-Oct;13(1-2):69-75. doi: 10.1385/JMN:13:1-2:69.
54. Long-term antagonism of κ opioid receptors prevents escalation of and increased motivation for heroin intake. Schlosburg JE, etal., J Neurosci. 2013 Dec 4;33(49):19384-92. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1979-13.2013.
55. Evaluation of dynorphin and kappa-opioid receptor level in the human blood lymphocytes and plasma: Possible role as a biomarker in severe opioid use disorder. Shahkarami K, etal., Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 Dec 1;205:107638. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107638. Epub 2019 Nov 2.
56. 'Binge' cocaine administration induces a sustained increase of prodynorphin mRNA in rat caudate-putamen. Spangler R, etal., Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1993 Sep;19(4):323-7. doi: 10.1016/0169-328x(93)90133-a.
57. A functional polymorphism in the prodynorphin gene promotor is associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. Stogmann E, etal., Ann Neurol 2002 Feb;51(2):260-3.
58. Prodynorphin CpG-SNPs associated with alcohol dependence: elevated methylation in the brain of human alcoholics. Taqi MM, etal., Addict Biol. 2011 Jul;16(3):499-509. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00323.x. Epub 2011 Apr 26.
59. Upregulation of the kappa opioidergic system in left ventricular rat myocardium in response to volume overload: Adaptive changes of the cardiac kappa opioid system in heart failure. Treskatsch S, etal., Pharmacol Res. 2015 Dec;102:33-41. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.09.005. Epub 2015 Sep 10.
60. Effect of cocaine and amphetamine on biosynthesis of proenkephalin and prodynorphin in some regions of the rat limbic system. Turchan J, etal., Pol J Pharmacol. 2002 Jul-Aug;54(4):367-72.
61. Chronic nicotine-induced changes in gene expression of delta and kappa-opioid receptors and their endogenous ligands in the mesocorticolimbic system of the rat. Ugur M, etal., Synapse. 2017 Sep;71(9). doi: 10.1002/syn.21985. Epub 2017 May 29.
62. Dynorphin-immunoreactive terminals in the rat nucleus accumbens: cellular sites for modulation of target neurons and interactions with catecholamine afferents. Van Bockstaele EJ, etal., J Comp Neurol. 1994 Mar 1;341(1):1-15. doi: 10.1002/cne.903410102.
63. Association between heroin dependence and prodynorphin gene polymorphisms. Wei SG, etal., Brain Res Bull. 2011 May 30;85(3-4):238-42. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.02.010. Epub 2011 Mar 4.
64. Prenatal ethanol induces an anxiety phenotype and alters expression of dynorphin & nociceptin/orphanin FQ genes. Wille-Bille A, etal., Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2018 Jul 13;85:77-88. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.04.005. Epub 2018 Apr 18.
65. Associations of prodynorphin sequence variation with alcohol dependence and related traits are phenotype-specific and sex-dependent. Winham SJ, etal., Sci Rep. 2015 Oct 27;5:15670. doi: 10.1038/srep15670.
66. Association of the kappa-opioid system with alcohol dependence. Xuei X, etal., Mol Psychiatry. 2006 Nov;11(11):1016-24. doi: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001882. Epub 2006 Aug 22.
67. Prodynorphin storage and processing in axon terminals and dendrites. Yakovleva T, etal., FASEB J. 2006 Oct;20(12):2124-6. doi: 10.1096/fj.06-6174fje. Epub 2006 Sep 11.
68. Genetic association analyses and meta-analysis of Dynorphin-Kappa Opioid system potential functional variants with heroin dependence. Yuanyuan J, etal., Neurosci Lett. 2018 Oct 15;685:75-82. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.08.023. Epub 2018 Aug 20.
69. A functional haplotype implicated in vulnerability to develop cocaine dependence is associated with reduced PDYN expression in human brain. Yuferov V, etal., Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009 Apr;34(5):1185-97. doi: 10.1038/npp.2008.187. Epub 2008 Oct 15.
70. Association of variants of prodynorphin promoter 68-bp repeats in caucasians with opioid dependence diagnosis: Effect on age trajectory of heroin use. Yuferov V, etal., Neurosci Lett. 2019 Jun 21;704:100-105. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.03.038. Epub 2019 Mar 29.
71. Further studies on possible dynorphin involvement in the ovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in the proestrous rat. Zhang Q, etal., Endocrine 2002 Aug;18(3):231-8.
72. Chronic escalating cocaine exposure, abstinence/withdrawal, and chronic re-exposure: effects on striatal dopamine and opioid systems in C57BL/6J mice. Zhang Y, etal., Neuropharmacology. 2013 Apr;67:259-66. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.10.015. Epub 2012 Nov 16.
73. Analgesic effect of different moxibustion durations in rheumatoid arthritis rats. Zheng B, etal., J Tradit Chin Med. 2014 Feb;34(1):90-5. doi: 10.1016/s0254-6272(14)60060-1.
74. Effect of PDYN and OPRK1 polymorphisms on the risk of alcohol use disorder and the intensity of depressive symptoms. Özkan-Kotiloğlu S, etal., Alcohol Alcohol. 2023 Jul 10;58(4):404-414. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agad036.
Additional References at PubMed
PMID:8276115   PMID:9047294   PMID:12373547   PMID:14960343   PMID:14997015   PMID:15894804   PMID:17401159   PMID:17722034   PMID:18381633   PMID:18472331   PMID:20531238   PMID:20728507  
PMID:20973986   PMID:21171319   PMID:21723305   PMID:21958458   PMID:22508514   PMID:22641014   PMID:22698692   PMID:23391862   PMID:23877505   PMID:23959730   PMID:24021806   PMID:25766322  
PMID:27072528   PMID:27074815   PMID:30207304   PMID:30218420   PMID:31155522   PMID:33908346   PMID:36244036   PMID:37938195  


Genomics

Comparative Map Data
Pdyn
(Rattus norvegicus - Norway rat)
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCr83137,354,161 - 137,366,503 (-)NCBIGRCr8GRCr8GRCr8
GRCr8 Ensembl3137,354,161 - 137,366,503 (-)EnsemblGRCr8
mRatBN7.23116,900,990 - 116,913,334 (-)NCBImRatBN7.2mRatBN7.2
mRatBN7.2 Ensembl3116,900,992 - 116,913,334 (-)EnsemblmRatBN7.2
UTH_Rnor_SHR_Utx3120,798,229 - 120,810,577 (-)NCBIUTH_Rnor_SHR_UtxUTH_Rnor_SHR_Utx
UTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.03129,393,853 - 129,406,201 (-)NCBIUTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.0UTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.0
UTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.03127,054,324 - 127,066,672 (-)NCBIUTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.0UTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.0
Rnor_6.03122,194,327 - 122,206,671 (-)NCBIRnor_6.0Rnor_6.0rn6Rnor6.0
Rnor_6.0 Ensembl3122,194,329 - 122,206,671 (-)Ensemblrn6Rnor6.0
Rnor_5.03127,809,688 - 127,822,296 (+)NCBIRnor_5.0Rnor_5.0rn5
RGSC_v3.43117,291,025 - 117,303,367 (-)NCBIRGSC_v3.4RGSC_v3.4rn4
Celera3115,716,443 - 115,728,785 (-)NCBICelera
RGSC_v3.13117,196,597 - 117,208,923 (-)NCBI
Cytogenetic Map3q36NCBI
PDYN
(Homo sapiens - human)
Human AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCh38201,978,756 - 1,994,285 (-)NCBIGRCh38GRCh38hg38GRCh38
GRCh38.p14 Ensembl201,978,757 - 1,994,285 (-)Ensemblhg38GRCh38
GRCh37201,959,402 - 1,974,931 (-)NCBIGRCh37GRCh37hg19GRCh37
Build 36201,907,402 - 1,922,702 (-)NCBIBuild 36Build 36hg18NCBI36
Build 34201,907,402 - 1,922,702NCBI
Celera202,023,375 - 2,038,860 (-)NCBICelera
Cytogenetic Map20p13NCBI
HuRef201,909,347 - 1,924,873 (-)NCBIHuRef
CHM1_1201,959,620 - 1,975,149 (-)NCBICHM1_1
T2T-CHM13v2.0202,008,889 - 2,024,418 (-)NCBIT2T-CHM13v2.0
Pdyn
(Mus musculus - house mouse)
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCm392129,528,469 - 129,541,858 (-)NCBIGRCm39GRCm39mm39
GRCm39 Ensembl2129,528,485 - 129,541,764 (-)EnsemblGRCm39 EnsemblGRCm39
GRCm382129,686,549 - 129,699,938 (-)NCBIGRCm38GRCm38mm10GRCm38
GRCm38.p6 Ensembl2129,686,565 - 129,699,844 (-)Ensemblmm10GRCm38
MGSCv372129,513,737 - 129,515,604 (-)NCBIMGSCv37MGSCv37mm9NCBIm37
MGSCv362129,378,007 - 129,391,274 (-)NCBIMGSCv36mm8
Celera2130,916,433 - 130,918,300 (-)NCBICelera
Cytogenetic Map2F1NCBI
cM Map263.19NCBI
Pdyn
(Chinchilla lanigera - long-tailed chinchilla)
Chinchilla AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
ChiLan1.0 EnsemblNW_00495541513,106,062 - 13,119,515 (-)Ensembl
ChiLan1.0NW_00495541513,106,087 - 13,119,497 (-)NCBIChiLan1.0ChiLan1.0
PDYN
(Pan paniscus - bonobo/pygmy chimpanzee)
Bonobo AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
NHGRI_mPanPan1-v2212,972,785 - 2,988,767 (-)NCBINHGRI_mPanPan1-v2
NHGRI_mPanPan1202,969,613 - 2,985,594 (-)NCBINHGRI_mPanPan1
Mhudiblu_PPA_v0202,092,171 - 2,108,141 (-)NCBIMhudiblu_PPA_v0Mhudiblu_PPA_v0panPan3
PanPan1.1201,856,850 - 1,872,452 (-)NCBIPanPan1.1PanPan1.1panPan2
PanPan1.1 Ensembl201,856,850 - 1,872,452 (-)EnsemblpanPan2panpan1.1
PDYN
(Canis lupus familiaris - dog)
Dog AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
CanFam3.12419,043,955 - 19,057,413 (+)NCBICanFam3.1CanFam3.1canFam3CanFam3.1
CanFam3.1 Ensembl2419,053,870 - 19,056,364 (+)EnsemblcanFam3CanFam3.1
Dog10K_Boxer_Tasha2418,871,870 - 18,885,766 (+)NCBIDog10K_Boxer_TashaDog10K_Boxer_Tasha
ROS_Cfam_1.02419,500,321 - 19,514,217 (+)NCBIROS_Cfam_1.0ROS_Cfam_1.0
ROS_Cfam_1.0 Ensembl2419,498,268 - 19,514,210 (+)EnsemblROS_Cfam_1.0 Ensembl
UMICH_Zoey_3.12419,056,568 - 19,070,465 (+)NCBIUMICH_Zoey_3.1
UNSW_CanFamBas_1.02419,167,367 - 19,181,264 (+)NCBIUNSW_CanFamBas_1.0
UU_Cfam_GSD_1.02419,495,948 - 19,509,844 (+)NCBIUU_Cfam_GSD_1.0UU_Cfam_GSD_1.0
Pdyn
(Ictidomys tridecemlineatus - thirteen-lined ground squirrel)
Squirrel AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
HiC_Itri_2NW_024408640168,127,664 - 168,140,097 (+)NCBIHiC_Itri_2
SpeTri2.0 EnsemblNW_00493648516,559,217 - 16,571,678 (+)EnsemblSpeTri2.0 Ensembl
SpeTri2.0NW_00493648516,559,371 - 16,571,461 (+)NCBISpeTri2.0SpeTri2.0SpeTri2.0
PDYN
(Sus scrofa - pig)
Pig AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
Sscrofa11.1 Ensembl1733,505,079 - 33,521,532 (+)EnsemblsusScr11Sscrofa11.1
Sscrofa11.11733,505,075 - 33,521,534 (+)NCBISscrofa11.1Sscrofa11.1susScr11Sscrofa11.1
PDYN
(Chlorocebus sabaeus - green monkey)
Green Monkey AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
ChlSab1.1254,535,516 - 54,551,085 (+)NCBIChlSab1.1ChlSab1.1chlSab2
ChlSab1.1 Ensembl254,535,240 - 54,551,104 (+)EnsemblChlSab1.1 EnsemblchlSab2Vervet-AGM
Vero_WHO_p1.0NW_023666087951,337 - 967,337 (+)NCBIVero_WHO_p1.0Vero_WHO_p1.0
Pdyn
(Heterocephalus glaber - naked mole-rat)
Naked Mole-Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
HetGla_female_1.0 EnsemblNW_0046247413,237,942 - 3,253,503 (-)EnsemblHetGla_female_1.0 EnsemblhetGla2HetGla_female_1.0 Ensembl
HetGla 1.0NW_0046247413,239,101 - 3,253,507 (-)NCBIHetGla 1.0HetGla 1.0hetGla2
Pdyn
(Rattus rattus - black rat)
Black Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
Rrattus_CSIRO_v15108,417,820 - 108,428,845 (-)NCBIRrattus_CSIRO_v1

Variants

.
Variants in Pdyn
113 total Variants
miRNA Target Status (No longer updated)

Predicted Target Of
Summary Value
Count of predictions:425
Count of miRNA genes:226
Interacting mature miRNAs:282
Transcripts:ENSRNOT00000037576
Prediction methods:Microtar, Miranda, Rnahybrid, Targetscan
Result types:miRGate_prediction

The detailed report is available here: Full Report CSV TAB Printer

miRNA Target Status data imported from miRGate (http://mirgate.bioinfo.cnio.es/).
For more information about miRGate, see PMID:25858286 or access the full paper here.


QTLs in Region (GRCr8)
The following QTLs overlap with this region.    Full Report CSV TAB Printer Gviewer
RGD IDSymbolNameLODP ValueTraitSub TraitChrStartStopSpecies
1582233Insul10Insulin level QTL 105.40.0015blood insulin amount (VT:0001560)serum insulin level times blood glucose level (CMO:0002040)3133259579178259579Rat
2301414Kidm37Kidney mass QTL 370.001kidney mass (VT:0002707)both kidneys wet weight to body weight ratio (CMO:0000340)396509147141509147Rat
2302373Gluco39Glucose level QTL 395.01blood glucose amount (VT:0000188)blood glucose level area under curve (AUC) (CMO:0000350)3129154923182114333Rat
70216Cm14Cardiac mass QTL 142.1heart mass (VT:0007028)heart wet weight (CMO:0000069)351581665184004958Rat
2292591Esta4Estrogen-induced thymic atrophy QTL 4thymus mass (VT:0004954)thymus wet weight (CMO:0000855)367641776167835660Rat
1358362Srcrt2Stress Responsive Cort QTL 22.78blood corticosterone amount (VT:0005345)plasma corticosterone level (CMO:0001173)358601291153936591Rat
737818Hcar12Hepatocarcinoma resistance QTL 122.6liver integrity trait (VT:0010547)volume of individual liver tumorous lesion (CMO:0001078)349872657138829559Rat
7387306Bw124Body weight QTL 1243.20.0003body mass (VT:0001259)body weight (CMO:0000012)3104545086149545086Rat
1578754Stresp16Stress response QTL 1640.001blood renin amount (VT:0003349)plasma renin activity level (CMO:0000116)3133134628178134628Rat
1300111Rf12Renal function QTL 123.78renal blood flow trait (VT:2000006)absolute change in renal blood flow rate (CMO:0001168)381425008141509147Rat
1600376Arunc5Aerobic running capacity QTL 50.21exercise endurance trait (VT:0002332)longest distance run on treadmill (CMO:0001406)393829559138829559Rat
8694437Bw167Body weight QTL 16722.460.001retroperitoneal fat pad mass (VT:0010430)retroperitoneal fat pad weight to body weight ratio (CMO:0000635)3112250810157250810Rat
8662816Vetf4Vascular elastic tissue fragility QTL 44renal artery integrity trait (VT:0010642)number of ruptures of the internal elastic lamina of the renal arteries (CMO:0002563)379649560177741895Rat
1581503Cm58Cardiac mass QTL 582.70.05heart left ventricle mass (VT:0007031)heart left ventricle weight to body weight ratio (CMO:0000530)396509147141509147Rat
1354611Despr2Despair related QTL 23.030.0028locomotor behavior trait (VT:0001392)amount of time spent in voluntary immobility (CMO:0001043)3117537367162537367Rat
2303620Vencon4Ventilatory control QTL 43.9respiration trait (VT:0001943)tidal volume (CMO:0000222)3125116475170116475Rat
631649Bp123Blood pressure QTL 1233.2arterial blood pressure trait (VT:2000000)systolic blood pressure (CMO:0000004)3110225882155225882Rat
1358204Insglur1Insulin/glucose ratio QTL 13.8blood glucose amount (VT:0000188)serum glucose level (CMO:0000543)3136091420155634702Rat
12879848Bw181Body weght QTL 1810.015body mass (VT:0001259)body weight (CMO:0000012)390755164141509147Rat
5686842Rf59Renal function QTL 59urine albumin amount (VT:0002871)urine albumin excretion rate (CMO:0000757)3122395989167395989Rat
2301971Cm71Cardiac mass QTL 714.63heart left ventricle mass (VT:0007031)heart left ventricle weight (CMO:0000776)3131036586176036586Rat
631673Iddm13Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus QTL 131.30.663blood glucose amount (VT:0000188)plasma glucose level (CMO:0000042)3137114333182114333Rat
1358885Bp251Blood pressure QTL 2513.8arterial blood pressure trait (VT:2000000)mean arterial blood pressure (CMO:0000009)31141509147Rat
2301970Bw81Body weight QTL 815.19body mass (VT:0001259)body weight (CMO:0000012)3131036586176036586Rat
1581546Pur13Proteinuria QTL 132.930.0335urine total protein amount (VT:0000032)urine protein excretion rate (CMO:0000759)398651826167012663Rat
631665Bw8Body weight QTL 85.5body mass (VT:0001259)body weight (CMO:0000012)3125814931139636791Rat
1331758Bp207Blood pressure QTL 2072.848arterial blood pressure trait (VT:2000000)mean arterial blood pressure (CMO:0000009)3110634702155634702Rat
1358888Bp264Blood pressure QTL 2644.43arterial blood pressure trait (VT:2000000)mean arterial blood pressure (CMO:0000009)35675975141509147Rat
724532Cm17Cardiac mass QTL 172heart mass (VT:0007028)calculated heart weight (CMO:0000073)3116188400161188400Rat


Expression

RNA-SEQ Expression

alimentary part of gastrointestinal system
appendage
circulatory system
ectoderm
endocrine system
endoderm
exocrine system
hemolymphoid system
hepatobiliary system
integumental system
mesenchyme
mesoderm
nervous system
renal system
reproductive system
respiratory system
sensory system
visual system
16 3 39 144 45 38 16 16 16 2 130 70 128 25 73 22 17 17

Sequence


Ensembl Acc Id: ENSRNOT00000037576   ⟹   ENSRNOP00000038921
Type: CODING
Position:
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
GRCr8 Ensembl3137,354,161 - 137,366,503 (-)Ensembl
mRatBN7.2 Ensembl3116,900,992 - 116,913,334 (-)Ensembl
Rnor_6.0 Ensembl3122,194,329 - 122,206,671 (-)Ensembl
RefSeq Acc Id: NM_019374   ⟹   NP_062247
RefSeq Status: VALIDATED
Type: CODING
Position:
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
GRCr83137,354,161 - 137,366,503 (-)NCBI
mRatBN7.23116,900,992 - 116,913,334 (-)NCBI
Rnor_6.03122,194,329 - 122,206,671 (-)NCBI
Rnor_5.03127,809,688 - 127,822,296 (+)NCBI
RGSC_v3.43117,291,025 - 117,303,367 (-)RGD
Celera3115,716,443 - 115,728,785 (-)RGD
Sequence:
Protein Sequences
Protein RefSeqs NP_062247 (Get FASTA)   NCBI Sequence Viewer  
GenBank Protein AAA41118 (Get FASTA)   NCBI Sequence Viewer  
  EDL80169 (Get FASTA)   NCBI Sequence Viewer  
  EDL80170 (Get FASTA)   NCBI Sequence Viewer  
Ensembl Protein ENSRNOP00000038921
GenBank Protein P06300 (Get FASTA)   NCBI Sequence Viewer  
RefSeq Acc Id: NP_062247   ⟸   NM_019374
- Peptide Label: preproprotein
- UniProtKB: F1M7S3 (UniProtKB/TrEMBL),   A6HQ68 (UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
- Sequence:
Ensembl Acc Id: ENSRNOP00000038921   ⟸   ENSRNOT00000037576

Protein Structures
Name Modeler Protein Id AA Range Protein Structure
AF-P06300-F1-model_v2 AlphaFold P06300 1-248 view protein structure

Transcriptome

eQTL   View at Phenogen
WGCNA   View at Phenogen
Tissue/Strain Expression   View at Phenogen


Additional Information

Database Acc Id Source(s)
AGR Gene RGD:62054 AgrOrtholog
BioCyc Gene G2FUF-47892 BioCyc
Ensembl Genes ENSRNOG00000026036 Ensembl, ENTREZGENE
Ensembl Transcript ENSRNOT00000037576 ENTREZGENE
InterPro Opioid_neupept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  Proenkphlin_B UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
NCBI Gene 29190 ENTREZGENE
PANTHER PTHR11438 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  PTHR11438:SF4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Pfam Opiods_neuropep UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
PhenoGen Pdyn PhenoGen
PRINTS OPIOIDPRCRSR UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  PENKBPRCRSR UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
PROSITE OPIOIDS_PRECURSOR UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
RatGTEx ENSRNOG00000026036 RatGTEx
UniProt A6HQ68 ENTREZGENE, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  F1M7S3 ENTREZGENE, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  P06300 ENTREZGENE, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProt Secondary Q63193 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot


Nomenclature History
Date Current Symbol Current Name Previous Symbol Previous Name Description Reference Status
2002-06-10 Pdyn  prodynorphin      Name updated 70584 APPROVED

RGD Curation Notes
Note Type Note Reference