Pomc (proopiomelanocortin) - Rat Genome Database

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Gene: Pomc (proopiomelanocortin) Rattus norvegicus
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Symbol: Pomc
Name: proopiomelanocortin
RGD ID: 3366
Description: Predicted to enable hormone activity and melanocortin receptor binding activity. Involved in several processes, including motor behavior; negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus; and response to lipopolysaccharide. Located in extracellular region and neuronal cell body. Used to study alcohol dependence; heroin dependence; and obesity. Biomarker of several diseases, including alcohol dependence; alcohol use disorder; obesity; opiate dependence (multiple); and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including alcohol dependence; familial Mediterranean fever; nicotine dependence; obesity; and osteoarthritis. Orthologous to human POMC (proopiomelanocortin); PARTICIPATES IN alfentanil pharmacodynamics pathway; altered energy homeostasis pathway; altered melanocortin system pathway; INTERACTS WITH (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol; (S)-colchicine; (S)-nicotine.
Type: protein-coding
RefSeq Status: PROVISIONAL
Previously known as: ACTH; adrenocorticotropic hormone; adrenocorticotropin; alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; alphaMSH; corticotropin-lipotropin; Pomc1; Pomc2; pro-opiomelanocortin; pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha; proopiomelanocortin (adrenocorticotropin/ beta-lipotropin/ alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone/ beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone/ beta-endorphin); proopiomelanocortin, beta (endorphin, beta); proopoimelanocortin, beta (endorphin, beta)
RGD Orthologs
Human
Mouse
Chinchilla
Bonobo
Dog
Squirrel
Pig
Green Monkey
Naked Mole-Rat
Black Rat
Alliance Orthologs
More Info more info ...
Latest Assembly: GRCr8 - GRCr8 Assembly
Position:
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCr8632,659,137 - 32,665,175 (+)NCBIGRCr8GRCr8GRCr8
GRCr8 Ensembl632,659,346 - 32,665,173 (+)EnsemblGRCr8
mRatBN7.2626,939,844 - 26,945,666 (+)NCBImRatBN7.2mRatBN7.2
mRatBN7.2 Ensembl626,939,837 - 26,945,664 (+)EnsemblmRatBN7.2
UTH_Rnor_SHR_Utx627,232,130 - 27,237,950 (+)NCBIUTH_Rnor_SHR_UtxUTH_Rnor_SHR_Utx
UTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.0627,548,037 - 27,553,857 (+)NCBIUTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.0UTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.0
UTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.0627,026,040 - 27,031,858 (+)NCBIUTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.0UTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.0
Rnor_6.0628,382,937 - 28,388,771 (+)NCBIRnor_6.0Rnor_6.0rn6Rnor6.0
Rnor_6.0 Ensembl628,382,962 - 28,388,967 (+)Ensemblrn6Rnor6.0
Rnor_5.0638,191,989 - 38,197,809 (+)NCBIRnor_5.0Rnor_5.0rn5
RGSC_v3.4626,931,969 - 26,937,789 (+)NCBIRGSC_v3.4RGSC_v3.4rn4
Celera626,415,706 - 26,421,526 (+)NCBICelera
RGSC_v3.1626,934,921 - 26,940,742 (+)NCBI
RH 3.4 Map6117.99RGD
Cytogenetic Map6q14NCBI
JBrowse:




Disease Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic  (ISO)
acute kidney failure  (ISO)
acute kidney tubular necrosis  (ISO)
Acute Liver Failure  (ISO)
adrenal cortex disease  (ISO)
Adrenal Insufficiency  (ISO)
alcohol dependence  (IDA,IEP,ISO)
alcohol use disorder  (IEP,ISO)
alcohol withdrawal syndrome  (IEP,ISO)
Alcohol-Related Disorders  (IEP)
amnestic disorder  (ISO)
anxiety disorder  (IEP)
autistic disorder  (ISO)
Binge Drinking  (IEP,ISO)
bipolar disorder  (ISO)
Body Weight  (ISO)
Bradycardia  (ISO)
Burns  (ISO)
calcinosis  (ISO)
Cardiomegaly  (ISO)
cardiomyopathy  (ISO)
Catalepsy  (ISO)
Cerebral Hemorrhage  (ISO)
cerebral palsy  (ISO)
cholestasis  (ISO)
chondrocalcinosis  (ISO)
Cocaine-Related Disorders  (ISO)
congestive heart failure  (ISO)
Constipation  (ISO)
Cushing Syndrome  (ISO)
cystitis  (ISO)
depressive disorder  (ISO)
diabetes insipidus  (ISO)
diabetes mellitus  (ISO)
disease by infectious agent  (ISO)
disease of mental health  (ISO)
Edema  (ISO)
epilepsy  (ISO)
epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures  (ISO)
Experimental Arthritis  (IEP)
Experimental Liver Cirrhosis  (ISO)
eye disease  (ISO)
Eye Pain  (ISO)
facial paralysis  (ISO)
familial Mediterranean fever  (ISO)
Femur Head Necrosis  (ISO)
fetal alcohol spectrum disorder  (ISO)
Fetal Growth Retardation  (IEP)
Fever  (ISO)
gastrointestinal system disease  (ISO)
genetic disease  (ISO)
glomerulonephritis  (ISO)
Gouty Arthritis  (ISO)
Hematuria  (ISO)
Hemorrhage  (IEP,ISO)
heroin dependence  (IDA,IEP,ISO)
Hirsutism  (ISO)
human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease  (ISO)
Hyperalgesia  (IMP)
Hypercalciuria  (ISO)
Hypernatremia  (ISO)
Hyperphagia  (ISO)
hypertension  (ISO)
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy  (ISO)
Hypocalcemia  (ISO)
hypokalemia  (ISO)
Hypotension  (ISO)
hypothyroidism  (IEP)
Hypoxia  (ISO)
immune system disease  (ISO)
Inflammation  (IEP,ISO)
inflammatory bowel disease  (ISO)
Kidney Calculi  (ISO)
kidney disease  (ISO)
long QT syndrome  (ISO)
melanoma  (ISO)
morbid obesity  (ISO)
morphine dependence  (IEP)
morphine withdrawal syndrome  (IEP)
multiple sclerosis  (ISO)
myasthenia gravis  (ISO)
Myocardial Ischemia  (ISO)
Myoclonic Epilepsies  (ISO)
Nausea  (ISO)
Necrosis  (ISO)
nephrocalcinosis  (ISO)
Neuralgia  (IMP)
Neurogenic Inflammation  (ISO)
nicotine dependence  (ISO)
Nociceptive Pain  (ISO)
obesity  (IAGP,IDA,IEP,ISO,ISS)
Oliguria  (ISO)
opiate dependence  (ISO)
opioid abuse  (ISO)
Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome  (ISO)
osteoarthritis  (ISO)
osteoporosis  (ISO)
Pain  (IMP,ISO)
pancreas disease  (ISO)
penile disease  (ISO)
pituitary-dependent Cushing's disease  (ISO)
pneumonia  (ISO)
Postoperative Complications  (ISO)
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects  (IDA,IEP)
Proopiomelanocortin Deficiency  (ISO)
proteinuria  (ISO)
Recurrence  (ISO)
renal cell carcinoma  (ISO)
restless legs syndrome  (ISO)
Rhabdomyoma  (ISO)
Sacroiliitis  (ISO)
severe acute respiratory syndrome  (ISO)
sick sinus syndrome  (ISO)
Sleep Deprivation  (IEP)
sleep disorder  (ISO)
steatotic liver disease  (ISO)
stress-related disorder  (IEP,ISO)
subvalvular aortic stenosis  (ISO)
synovitis  (ISO)
type 2 diabetes mellitus  (IEP)
urinary tract infection  (ISO)
Weight Gain  (ISO)
Weight Loss  (ISO)
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome  (ISO)
West syndrome  (ISO)
withdrawal disorder  (ISO)

Gene-Chemical Interaction Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
(-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate  (ISO)
(20S)-20-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one  (ISO)
(R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol  (EXP)
(S)-colchicine  (EXP)
(S)-nicotine  (EXP,ISO)
(Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol  (EXP)
1,2-dimethylhydrazine  (ISO)
1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile  (ISO)
11-deoxycorticosterone  (ISO)
17alpha-ethynylestradiol  (ISO)
17beta-estradiol  (EXP,ISO)
18-hydroxycortisol  (ISO)
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether  (EXP)
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9-hexadecafluorononanoic acid  (ISO)
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine  (EXP,ISO)
2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionitrile  (ISO)
2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid  (EXP,ISO)
2,4-dinitrotoluene  (EXP)
2-hexenal  (EXP)
20-HETE  (EXP)
3',5'-cyclic AMP  (EXP,ISO)
3',5'-cyclic GMP  (EXP)
3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl  (EXP)
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine  (ISO)
4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol  (ISO)
6-propyl-2-thiouracil  (EXP)
7,12-dimethyltetraphene  (EXP)
8-OH-DPAT  (EXP)
acetaldehyde  (EXP)
acetamide  (EXP)
acetylcholine  (EXP)
acrylamide  (ISO)
aflatoxin B1  (EXP)
Aflatoxin B2 alpha  (ISO)
aldehydo-D-glucose  (EXP,ISO)
aldosterone  (EXP,ISO)
all-trans-retinol  (EXP)
alprenolol  (EXP)
AM-251  (EXP,ISO)
ammonium chloride  (EXP)
apocynin  (EXP)
arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide  (EXP)
Aroclor 1254  (EXP)
aspartame  (ISO)
astressin 2B  (EXP)
atorvastatin calcium  (EXP)
atrazine  (EXP)
atropine  (EXP)
Aurothioglucose  (ISO)
benzene  (ISO)
benzo[a]pyrene  (EXP,ISO)
Benzylphosphonic acid  (ISO)
beta-hexachlorocyclohexane  (ISO)
bezafibrate  (ISO)
bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide  (ISO)
bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate  (EXP)
bisphenol A  (EXP,ISO)
bisphenol F  (ISO)
bromocriptine  (EXP,ISO)
bucladesine  (ISO)
buspirone  (ISO)
Butylbenzyl phthalate  (ISO)
Butylparaben  (EXP)
cadmium dichloride  (EXP,ISO)
caffeine  (EXP)
cannabidiol  (EXP)
cannabigerol  (EXP)
capsaicin  (EXP)
capsazepine  (EXP,ISO)
carbamazepine  (ISO)
celecoxib  (EXP)
CGP 52608  (ISO)
chloroquine  (EXP)
chlorpyrifos  (ISO)
cisplatin  (ISO)
citalopram  (ISO)
clofibrate  (ISO)
clonidine  (EXP,ISO)
clonidine (amino form)  (EXP,ISO)
clonidine (imino form)  (EXP,ISO)
cobalt dichloride  (ISO)
cocaine  (EXP,ISO)
colforsin daropate hydrochloride  (ISO)
cordycepin  (ISO)
corticosterone  (EXP,ISO)
cortisol  (ISO)
CP-96345(1+)  (EXP)
cyanamide  (EXP)
cycloheximide  (EXP)
cyclophosphamide  (EXP)
cyproheptadine  (ISO)
D-glucose  (EXP,ISO)
DDE  (EXP,ISO)
DDT  (ISO)
deethylatrazine  (EXP)
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate  (ISO)
deisopropylatrazine  (EXP)
dexamethasone  (EXP,ISO)
Dibutyl phosphate  (ISO)
dichlorvos  (EXP)
diethyl hydrogen phosphate  (EXP,ISO)
dimethyl sulfoxide  (ISO)
dinitrogen oxide  (EXP)
dioxygen  (EXP)
dipentyl phthalate  (EXP)
diprotium oxide  (EXP)
disodium cromoglycate  (EXP)
disulfiram  (EXP)
dizocilpine maleate  (EXP)
dodecane  (EXP)
dopachrome  (ISO)
dopamine  (ISO)
endosulfan  (EXP)
enzacamene  (EXP)
ethanol  (EXP,ISO)
ether  (EXP)
eticlopride(1+)  (EXP)
fentanyl  (ISO)
finasteride  (ISO)
fludrocortisone  (ISO)
fluoxetine  (EXP)
fomepizole  (ISO)
formaldehyde  (ISO)
fructose  (EXP)
fulvestrant  (EXP,ISO)
gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane  (ISO)
genistein  (ISO)
gentamycin  (EXP)
glucose  (EXP,ISO)
Glutathione ethyl ester  (EXP)
glycerol  (ISO)
GSK-J4  (ISO)
GTP  (ISO)
guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate  (ISO)
halothane  (EXP)
herbicide  (EXP)
HET0016  (EXP)
imipramine  (ISO)
imiquimod  (ISO)
indometacin  (EXP)
isoprenaline  (EXP)
ketoconazole  (ISO)
L-ascorbic acid  (EXP)
lansoprazole  (ISO)
lead(0)  (ISO)
lidocaine  (EXP)
linsidomine  (EXP)
linuron  (EXP)
lipopolysaccharide  (EXP,ISO)
lithium atom  (ISO)
lithium hydride  (ISO)
loliolide  (ISO)
lycopene  (EXP)
magnesium atom  (EXP)
melanins  (ISO)
melatonin  (EXP,ISO)
metformin  (ISO)
methamidophos  (EXP)
methyl methanesulfonate  (ISO)
methylmercury chloride  (ISO)
metyrapone  (EXP,ISO)
mifepristone  (EXP)
monosodium L-glutamate  (EXP,ISO)
morphine  (EXP,ISO)
Morroniside  (EXP)
muscimol  (EXP)
N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide  (ISO)
N-acetyl-L-cysteine  (ISO)
naloxone  (EXP,ISO)
Naltrindole  (ISO)
naproxen  (EXP)
nickel atom  (EXP)
nicotine  (EXP,ISO)
nitric oxide  (EXP)
nitroprusside  (EXP)
nonane  (EXP)
Nonylphenol  (EXP)
NS-398  (EXP)
olanzapine  (EXP,ISO)
Osajin  (ISO)
oxidopamine  (EXP)
paracetamol  (EXP,ISO)
Pentagastrin  (ISO)
pentobarbital  (EXP)
perfluorononanoic acid  (EXP)
perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid  (EXP)
perfluorooctanoic acid  (ISO)
Pervanadate  (EXP)
Phenoxybenzamine  (EXP)
phentolamine  (EXP)
phenylarsine oxide  (EXP,ISO)
phenylephrine  (EXP,ISO)
phenylpropanolamine  (EXP)
Pomiferin  (ISO)
potassium atom  (EXP,ISO)
prednisolone  (EXP)
prednisone  (ISO)
progesterone  (ISO)
propazine  (EXP)
propranolol  (EXP)
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate  (ISO)
quercetin  (ISO)
rabeprazole  (ISO)
reactive nitrogen species  (EXP)
reserpine  (EXP)
resveratrol  (ISO)
Rosavin  (ISO)
ruthenium red  (ISO)
sarin  (EXP)
SB 203580  (EXP)
simazine  (EXP)
sodium arsenite  (EXP)
sodium atom  (EXP)
sodium chloride  (ISO)
spironolactone  (EXP)
streptozocin  (EXP)
sufentanil  (ISO)
sumatriptan  (EXP,ISO)
superoxide  (EXP)
tetrachloromethane  (ISO)
tetracycline  (ISO)
theophylline  (EXP)
thimerosal  (ISO)
thioacetamide  (EXP,ISO)
titanium dioxide  (ISO)
toluene  (EXP)
triadimefon  (EXP)
triamcinolone  (ISO)
triclosan  (ISO)
trilostane  (ISO)
triphenyl phosphate  (ISO)
triphenylstannane  (EXP)
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate  (EXP)
trovafloxacin  (ISO)
urethane  (EXP)
valproic acid  (EXP)
water  (EXP)
yohimbine  (EXP)

Gene Ontology Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View

Biological Process
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway  (ISO)
calcium-mediated signaling  (ISO)
cell-cell signaling  (IEA,ISO)
cellular pigmentation  (IEA,ISO)
cortisol secretion  (ISO)
generation of precursor metabolites and energy  (IEA,ISO)
glucose homeostasis  (ISO)
motor behavior  (IDA)
negative regulation of apoptotic process  (IDA)
negative regulation of appetite  (ISO)
negative regulation of immune response  (ISO)
negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus  (IMP)
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production  (IEA,ISO)
neuropeptide signaling pathway  (IEA)
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway  (IEA,ISO)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation  (IDA)
positive regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process  (ISO)
positive regulation of melanin biosynthetic process  (ISO)
positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus  (ISO)
positive regulation of oxytocin production  (IEA,ISO)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II  (IEA,ISO)
regulation of appetite  (IEA,ISO)
regulation of blood pressure  (ISO)
regulation of corticosterone secretion  (IBA,ISO)
regulation of feeding behavior  (ISO)
regulation of glycogen catabolic process  (ISO)
response to ethanol  (IEP)
response to immobilization stress  (ISO)
response to lipopolysaccharide  (IEP)
response to melanocyte-stimulating hormone  (IEA,ISO)
signal transduction  (IEA,ISO)

Cellular Component

Molecular Pathway Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
alfentanil pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
altered energy homeostasis pathway  (ISS)
altered melanocortin system pathway  (ISO,ISS)
bupivacaine pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
buprenorphine pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
chloroprocaine pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
citalopram pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
cocaine pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
codeine and morphine pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
desipramine pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
diphenoxylate pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
escitalopram pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
ethylmorphine pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
fentanyl pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
fluoxetine pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
heroin pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
hydrocodone pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
hydromorphone pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
imipramine pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
levacetylmethadol pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
levobupivacaine phgarmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
levorphanol pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
lidocaine pharmacodynamics pathway   (ISO)
melanocortin system pathway  (ISO,ISS)
mepivacaine pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
methadone pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
nalbuphine pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
naloxone pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
naltrexone pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
nicotine pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
obesity pathway  (ISO)
oxybuprocaine pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
oxycodone pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
oxymorphone pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
pentazocine pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
prilocaine pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
procaine pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
remifentanil pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
ropivacaine pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)
syndecan signaling pathway  (ISO)
tramadol pharmacodynamics pathway  (ISO)

References

References - curated
# Reference Title Reference Citation
1. Preconception Alcohol Exposure Increases the Susceptibility to Diabetes in the Offspring. Al-Yasari A, etal., Endocrinology. 2021 Jan 1;162(1):bqaa188. doi: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa188.
2. The tripeptide KdPT protects from intestinal inflammation and maintains intestinal barrier function. Bettenworth D, etal., Am J Pathol. 2011 Sep;179(3):1230-42. Epub 2011 Jul 8.
3. Obesity induces hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress and impairs proopiomelanocortin (POMC) post-translational processing. Cakir I, etal., J Biol Chem. 2013 Jun 14;288(24):17675-88. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.475343. Epub 2013 May 2.
4. Hypothyroidism Induces Hypophagia Associated with Alterations in Protein Expression of Neuropeptide Y and Proopiomelanocortin in the Arcuate Nucleus, Independently of Hypothalamic Nuclei-Specific Changes in Leptin Signaling. Calvino C, etal., Thyroid. 2016 Jan;26(1):134-43. doi: 10.1089/thy.2015.0384. Epub 2015 Dec 1.
5. Chronic ethanol consumption impairs the circadian rhythm of pro-opiomelanocortin and period genes mRNA expression in the hypothalamus of the male rat. Chen CP, etal., J Neurochem. 2004 Mar;88(6):1547-54. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02300.x.
6. Prenatal ethanol exposure alters the expression of period genes governing the circadian function of beta-endorphin neurons in the hypothalamus. Chen CP, etal., J Neurochem. 2006 May;97(4):1026-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03839.x.
7. Opioid system genes in alcoholism: a case-control study in Croatian population. Cupic B, etal., Neuropeptides. 2013 Oct;47(5):315-9. doi: 10.1016/j.npep.2013.08.002. Epub 2013 Aug 28.
8. Enhanced activity of the brain beta-endorphin system by free-choice ethanol drinking in C57BL/6 but not DBA/2 mice. De Waele JP and Gianoulakis C, Eur J Pharmacol. 1994 Jun 2;258(1-2):119-29. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(94)90064-7.
9. Congenital vasopressin deficiency and acute and chronic opiate effects on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in Brattleboro rats. Domokos A, etal., J Endocrinol. 2008 Jan;196(1):113-21. doi: 10.1677/JOE-07-0356.
10. Plasma levels of beta-endorphin, adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol during early and late alcohol withdrawal. Esel E, etal., Alcohol Alcohol. 2001 Nov-Dec;36(6):572-6. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/36.6.572.
11. ACTH promotes chondrogenic nodule formation and induces transient elevations in intracellular calcium in rat bone marrow cell cultures via MC2-R signaling. Evans JF, etal., Cell Tissue Res. 2013 May;352(2):413-25. doi: 10.1007/s00441-013-1561-6. Epub 2013 Jan 29.
12. Interactive comorbidity between opioid drug abuse and HIV-1 Tat: chronic exposure augments spine loss and sublethal dendritic pathology in striatal neurons. Fitting S, etal., Am J Pathol. 2010 Sep;177(3):1397-410. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090945. Epub 2010 Jul 22.
13. Hypermethylation of Proopiomelanocortin and Period 2 Genes in Blood Are Associated with Greater Subjective and Behavioral Motivation for Alcohol in Humans. Gangisetty O, etal., Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2019 Feb;43(2):212-220. doi: 10.1111/acer.13932. Epub 2018 Dec 31.
14. Transgenerational inheritance of fetal alcohol effects on proopiomelanocortin gene expression and methylation, cortisol response to stress, and anxiety-like behaviors in offspring for three generations in rats: Evidence for male germline transmission. Gangisetty O, etal., PLoS One. 2022 Feb 10;17(2):e0263340. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263340. eCollection 2022.
15. Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Gaudet P, etal., Brief Bioinform. 2011 Sep;12(5):449-62. doi: 10.1093/bib/bbr042. Epub 2011 Aug 27.
16. Effect of chronic morphine treatment on beta-endorphin biosynthesis by the rat neurointermediate lobe. Gianoulakis C, etal., Eur J Pharmacol. 1981 Jul 10;72(4):313-21. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(81)90569-0.
17. Male germline transmits fetal alcohol adverse effect on hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin gene across generations. Govorko D, etal., Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Sep 1;72(5):378-88. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.006. Epub 2012 May 22.
18. The expression of opioid genes in non-classical reward areas depends on early life conditions and ethanol intake. Granholm L, etal., Brain Res. 2017 Aug 1;1668:36-45. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.05.006. Epub 2017 May 13.
19. Trauma Severity in Early Childhood Correlates with Stress and Satiety Hormone Levels in a Pilot Cohort Receiving Diamorphine Maintenance Treatment. Groh A, etal., Eur Addict Res. 2020;26(2):103-108. doi: 10.1159/000505293. Epub 2020 Jan 15.
20. Hemorrhage activates proopiomelanocortin neurons in the rat hypothalamus. Göktalay G, etal., Brain Res. 2006 Jan 27;1070(1):45-55. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.11.076. Epub 2006 Jan 5.
21. Sexually dimorphic effects of alcohol exposure in utero on neuroendocrine and immune functions in chronic alcohol-exposed adult rats. Halasz I, etal., Mol Cell Neurosci. 1993 Aug;4(4):343-53. doi: 10.1006/mcne.1993.1044.
22. Antiinflammatory activity of a COOH-terminal fragment of the neuropeptide alpha-MSH. Hiltz ME and Lipton JM, FASEB J. 1989 Sep;3(11):2282-4.
23. The Interaction Between POMC rs2071345 Polymorphism and Alcohol Dependence in Anxiety Symptoms Among Chinese Male Problem Drinkers. Hong L, etal., Front Psychiatry. 2022 May 3;13:878960. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.878960. eCollection 2022.
24. In-vivo transfection of the proopiomelanocortin gene, precursor of endogenous endorphin, by use of radial shock waves alleviates neuropathic pain. Ishikawa T, etal., J Orthop Sci. 2013 Jul;18(4):636-45. doi: 10.1007/s00776-013-0397-y. Epub 2013 Apr 27.
25. Changes in hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone, neuropeptide Y, and proopiomelanocortin gene expression during chronic rapid eye movement sleep deprivation of rats. Koban M, etal., Endocrinology. 2006 Jan;147(1):421-31. doi: 10.1210/en.2005-0695. Epub 2005 Oct 6.
26. Adolescent Alcohol Exposure-Induced Changes in Alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone and Neuropeptide Y Pathways via Histone Acetylation in the Brain During Adulthood. Kokare DM, etal., Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2017 Sep 1;20(9):758-768. doi: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx041.
27. Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone: an alternative approach when thinking about restless legs syndrome? Koo BB, etal., Mov Disord. 2008 Jul 15;23(9):1234-42. doi: 10.1002/mds.22035.
28. High-density rat radiation hybrid maps containing over 24,000 SSLPs, genes, and ESTs provide a direct link to the rat genome sequence. Kwitek AE, etal., Genome Res. 2004 Apr;14(4):750-7
29. Adolescent binge-like ethanol exposure reduces basal α-MSH expression in the hypothalamus and the amygdala of adult rats. Lerma-Cabrera JM, etal., Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2013 Sep;110:66-74. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.06.006. Epub 2013 Jun 20.
30. B Lymphocytes Express Pomc mRNA, Processing Enzymes and β-Endorphin in Painful Inflammation. Maddila SC, etal., J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2017 Mar;12(1):180-186. doi: 10.1007/s11481-016-9715-4. Epub 2016 Nov 11.
31. Beta-endorphin, adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol secretion in abstinent alcoholics. Marchesi C, etal., Psychiatry Res. 1997 Oct 10;72(3):187-94. doi: 10.1016/s0165-1781(97)00101-7.
32. High fat diet induces hypermethylation of the hypothalamic Pomc promoter and obesity in post-weaning rats. Marco A, etal., Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013 Dec;38(12):2844-53. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.07.011. Epub 2013 Aug 16.
33. Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons have a cholinergic phenotype. Meister B, etal., Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Nov;24(10):2731-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05157.x.
34. The proliferative effect of synthetic N-POMC(1-28) peptides in rat adrenal cortex: a possible role for cyclin E. Mendonça PO and Lotfi CF
35. Rat ISS GO annotations from MGI mouse gene data--August 2006 MGD data from the GO Consortium
36. Spatial and temporal localization of the melanocortin 1 receptor and its ligand alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone during cutaneous wound repair. Muffley LA, etal., J Histochem Cytochem. 2011 Mar;59(3):278-88. Epub 2011 Jan 12.
37. Epigenetic alterations of the POMC promoter in tobacco dependence. Muschler M, etal., Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2018 Jul;28(7):875-879. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.05.004. Epub 2018 Jun 2.
38. DNA methylation of the POMC gene promoter is associated with craving in alcohol dependence. Muschler MA, etal., J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2010 Apr;117(4):513-9. doi: 10.1007/s00702-010-0378-7. Epub 2010 Feb 27.
39. Alcohol Withdrawal and Proopiomelanocortin Neuropeptides in an Animal Model of Alcohol Dependence. Müschen LH, etal., Neuropsychobiology. 2019;78(3):118-127. doi: 10.1159/000499844. Epub 2019 May 22.
40. Decreased immunoreactivity of the melanocortin neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) after chronic ethanol exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats. Navarro M, etal., Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008 Feb;32(2):266-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00578.x. Epub 2007 Dec 21.
41. OMIM Disease Annotation Pipeline OMIM Disease Annotation Pipeline
42. Differential Changes in Expression of Stress- and Metabolic-Related Neuropeptides in the Rat Hypothalamus during Morphine Dependence and Withdrawal. Pintér-Kübler B, etal., PLoS One. 2013 Jun 21;8(6):e67027. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067027. Print 2013.
43. PID Annotation Import Pipeline Pipeline to import Pathway Interaction Database annotations from NCI into RGD
44. SMPDB Annotation Import Pipeline Pipeline to import SMPDB annotations from SMPDB into RGD
45. Pro-opiomelanocortin processing in the hypothalamus: impact on melanocortin signalling and obesity. Pritchard LE, etal., J Endocrinol 2002 Mar;172(3):411-21.
46. Leptin regulates appetite-related neuropeptides in the hypothalamus of developing rats without affecting food intake. Proulx K, etal., Endocrinology 2002 Dec;143(12):4683-92.
47. Exposure to uteroplacental insufficiency reduces the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and proopiomelanocortin in the hypothalamus of newborn rats. Puglianiello A, etal., Pediatr Res. 2009 Aug;66(2):208-11. doi: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181a9e7fd.
48. alpha-MSH modulates experimental inflammatory bowel disease. Rajora N, etal., Peptides. 1997;18(3):381-5.
49. Chronic daily ethanol and withdrawal: 3. Forebrain pro-opiomelanocortin gene expression and implications for dependence, relapse, and deprivation effect. Rasmussen DD, etal., Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2002 Apr;26(4):535-46.
50. Corticotropin-releasing hormone and proopiomelanocortin gene expression is altered selectively in the male rat fetal thymus by maternal alcohol consumption. Revskoy S, etal., Endocrinology. 1997 Jan;138(1):389-96. doi: 10.1210/endo.138.1.4838.
51. GOA pipeline RGD automated data pipeline
52. ClinVar Automated Import and Annotation Pipeline RGD automated import pipeline for ClinVar variants, variant-to-disease annotations and gene-to-disease annotations
53. Data Import for Chemical-Gene Interactions RGD automated import pipeline for gene-chemical interactions
54. Comprehensive gene review and curation RGD comprehensive gene curation
55. Adrenalectomy enhances endotoxemia-induced hypophagia: higher activation of corticotrophin-releasing-factor and proopiomelanocortin hypothalamic neurons. Rorato R, etal., Horm Behav. 2008 Jun;54(1):134-42. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.02.011. Epub 2008 Feb 26.
56. Decreased proopiomelanocortin mRNA in lymphocytes of chronic alcoholics after intravenous human corticotropin releasing factor injection. Rosenberger P, etal., Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2003 Nov;27(11):1693-700. doi: 10.1097/01.ALC.0000095636.44770.55.
57. Persistent Changes in Stress-Regulatory Genes in Pregnant Women or Children Exposed Prenatally to Alcohol. Sarkar DK, etal., Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2019 Sep;43(9):1887-1897. doi: 10.1111/acer.14148. Epub 2019 Aug 6.
58. The critical role of the melanocortin system in the control of energy balance. Seeley RJ, etal., Annu Rev Nutr 2004;24:133-49.
59. Differential cross-tolerance development between single and repeated immobilization stress on the antinociceptive effect induced by beta-endorphin, 5-hydroxytryptamine, morphine, and WIN55,212-2 in the inflammatory mouse pain mode. Seo YJ, etal., Arch Pharm Res. 2011 Feb;34(2):269-80. Epub 2011 Mar 6.
60. Evidence for daily rhythms of the expression of proopiomelanocortin, interleukin-1-beta and interleukin-6 in adenopituitaries of male long-evans rats: effect of adjuvant arthritis. Seres J, etal., Neuroimmunomodulation. 2004;11(5):316-22.
61. Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone modulates ethanol self-administration in posterior ventral tegmental area through melanocortin-4 receptors. Shelkar GP, etal., Addict Biol. 2015 Mar;20(2):302-15. doi: 10.1111/adb.12126. Epub 2014 Mar 18.
62. Inhibition of cartilage damage by pro-opiomelanocortin prohormone overexpression in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Shen PC, etal., Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2011 Mar 1;236(3):334-40. Epub 2011 Mar 4.
63. Lymphocytes upregulate signal sequence-encoding proopiomelanocortin mRNA and beta-endorphin during painful inflammation in vivo. Sitte N, etal., J Neuroimmunol. 2007 Feb;183(1-2):133-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.11.033. Epub 2007 Jan 16.
64. Increased central immunoreactive beta-endorphin content in patients with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and in alcoholics. Summers JA, etal., J Clin Pathol. 1991 Feb;44(2):126-9. doi: 10.1136/jcp.44.2.126.
65. Neuroendocrine immune system in familial Mediterranean fever. Topaloglu R, etal., Turk J Pediatr. 2010 Nov-Dec;52(6):588-93.
66. Synthetic modified N-POMC(1-28) controls in vivo proliferation and blocks apoptosis in rat adrenal cortex. Torres TE, etal.
67. The influence of neuropeptides related to pro-opiomelanocortin on acquisition of heroin self-administration of rats. van Ree JM, Life Sci. 1983 Dec 5;33(23):2283-9. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(83)90261-8.
68. Hypo-response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis after an ethanol challenge in prenatally stressed adolescent male rats. Van Waes V, etal., Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Aug;24(4):1193-200. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04973.x. Epub 2006 Aug 21.
69. Effect of morphine on proopiomelanocortin gene expression and peptide levels in the hypothalamus. Wardlaw SL, etal., Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1996 Sep 5;41(1-2):140-7. doi: 10.1016/0169-328x(96)00084-8.
70. Endocrine cells of the adenohypophysis in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Wei L, etal., Biochem Cell Biol. 2010 Aug;88(4):723-30. doi: 10.1139/O10-022.
71. DNA Methylation of the Leptin Gene Promoter is Altered by Chronic Alcohol Exposure in an Animal Model for Alcohol Dependence. Wieting J, etal., Eur Addict Res. 2019;25(2):49-55. doi: 10.1159/000496111. Epub 2019 Jan 16.
72. Effects of voluntary ethanol ingestion on the POMC gene expression in the rat pituitary and on the plasma beta-endorphin content. Winkler A, etal., Alcohol Alcohol. 1995 Mar;30(2):231-8.
73. Quantification of proopiomelanocortin mRNA in peripheral lymphocytes of alcoholics. Winkler A, etal., Alcohol. 1998 Jan;15(1):43-50. doi: 10.1016/s0741-8329(97)00096-7.
74. Transfection of rat cells with proopiomeranocortin gene, precursor of endogenous endorphin, using radial shock waves suppresses inflammatory pain. Yamashita M, etal., Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 Oct 1;34(21):2270-7. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181af77b4.
75. Deleted genes associated with obesity in Mexican patients diagnosed with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Zambrano-Zaragoza JF, etal., Ann Hum Genet. 2022 Sep;86(5):237-244. doi: 10.1111/ahg.12466. Epub 2022 Mar 28.
76. Chronic Oxycodone Self-administration Altered Reward-related Genes in the Ventral and Dorsal Striatum of C57BL/6J Mice: An RNA-seq Analysis. Zhang Y, etal., Neuroscience. 2018 Nov 21;393:333-349. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.032. Epub 2018 Jul 29.
77. Analgesic effect of different moxibustion durations in rheumatoid arthritis rats. Zheng B, etal., J Tradit Chin Med. 2014 Feb;34(1):90-5. doi: 10.1016/s0254-6272(14)60060-1.
78. Reduced hypothalamic POMC and anterior pituitary CRF1 receptor mRNA levels after acute, but not chronic, daily "binge" intragastric alcohol administration. Zhou Y, etal., Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2000 Oct;24(10):1575-82.
79. Voluntary alcohol drinking enhances proopiomelanocortin gene expression in nucleus accumbens shell and hypothalamus of Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats. Zhou Y, etal., Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2013 Jan;37 Suppl 1(0 1):E131-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01867.x. Epub 2012 Jun 22.
80. Nuclear transcriptional changes in hypothalamus of Pomc enhancer knockout mice after excessive alcohol drinking. Zhou Y, etal., Genes Brain Behav. 2019 Nov;18(8):e12600. doi: 10.1111/gbb.12600. Epub 2019 Aug 8.
81. Suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by acute heroin challenge in rats during acute and chronic withdrawal from chronic heroin administration. Zhou Y, etal., Neurochem Res. 2013 Sep;38(9):1850-60. doi: 10.1007/s11064-013-1091-3. Epub 2013 Jun 16.
Additional References at PubMed
PMID:1329576   PMID:2998878   PMID:6255341   PMID:9620771   PMID:10233018   PMID:10670585   PMID:11814629   PMID:12142539   PMID:12372001   PMID:12372003   PMID:12438160   PMID:12477932  
PMID:12586751   PMID:12697721   PMID:12736179   PMID:14561641   PMID:14568996   PMID:14576191   PMID:14630714   PMID:14660008   PMID:15019806   PMID:15201064   PMID:15226502   PMID:15280541  
PMID:15283974   PMID:15386812   PMID:15467755   PMID:15472174   PMID:15489638   PMID:15572204   PMID:15585943   PMID:15666806   PMID:16165252   PMID:16219686   PMID:16243970   PMID:16325304  
PMID:16584812   PMID:16921546   PMID:17038560   PMID:17068131   PMID:17085933   PMID:17304115   PMID:17341551   PMID:17347308   PMID:17388940   PMID:17505816   PMID:17531155   PMID:17551755  
PMID:17636405   PMID:17936371   PMID:17980426   PMID:18006626   PMID:18292087   PMID:18363807   PMID:18384674   PMID:18388149   PMID:18562281   PMID:18588949   PMID:18712053   PMID:18937973  
PMID:18948970   PMID:19017729   PMID:19074588   PMID:19082512   PMID:19088253   PMID:19297540   PMID:19333140   PMID:19452503   PMID:19476550   PMID:19743876   PMID:19952342   PMID:19968967  
PMID:20071607   PMID:20080115   PMID:20471454   PMID:20619468   PMID:20810565   PMID:21179736   PMID:21184805   PMID:21191001   PMID:21193556   PMID:21291921   PMID:21366729   PMID:21565854  
PMID:21589937   PMID:21605503   PMID:21821286   PMID:21855588   PMID:22064014   PMID:22146310   PMID:22177137   PMID:22403619   PMID:22432124   PMID:22432126   PMID:22450045   PMID:22902858  
PMID:23050949   PMID:23069669   PMID:23321476   PMID:23413810   PMID:23468969   PMID:23640796   PMID:23735696   PMID:24094067   PMID:24262750   PMID:25409090   PMID:25446223   PMID:25595971  
PMID:25624461   PMID:26702900   PMID:27503597   PMID:28429261   PMID:29777232   PMID:29943847   PMID:30528733   PMID:31394504   PMID:31691569   PMID:32446530   PMID:32980456   PMID:33338550  
PMID:37036864  


Genomics

Comparative Map Data
Pomc
(Rattus norvegicus - Norway rat)
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCr8632,659,137 - 32,665,175 (+)NCBIGRCr8GRCr8GRCr8
GRCr8 Ensembl632,659,346 - 32,665,173 (+)EnsemblGRCr8
mRatBN7.2626,939,844 - 26,945,666 (+)NCBImRatBN7.2mRatBN7.2
mRatBN7.2 Ensembl626,939,837 - 26,945,664 (+)EnsemblmRatBN7.2
UTH_Rnor_SHR_Utx627,232,130 - 27,237,950 (+)NCBIUTH_Rnor_SHR_UtxUTH_Rnor_SHR_Utx
UTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.0627,548,037 - 27,553,857 (+)NCBIUTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.0UTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.0
UTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.0627,026,040 - 27,031,858 (+)NCBIUTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.0UTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.0
Rnor_6.0628,382,937 - 28,388,771 (+)NCBIRnor_6.0Rnor_6.0rn6Rnor6.0
Rnor_6.0 Ensembl628,382,962 - 28,388,967 (+)Ensemblrn6Rnor6.0
Rnor_5.0638,191,989 - 38,197,809 (+)NCBIRnor_5.0Rnor_5.0rn5
RGSC_v3.4626,931,969 - 26,937,789 (+)NCBIRGSC_v3.4RGSC_v3.4rn4
Celera626,415,706 - 26,421,526 (+)NCBICelera
RGSC_v3.1626,934,921 - 26,940,742 (+)NCBI
RH 3.4 Map6117.99RGD
Cytogenetic Map6q14NCBI
POMC
(Homo sapiens - human)
Human AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCh38225,160,860 - 25,168,580 (-)NCBIGRCh38GRCh38hg38GRCh38
GRCh38.p14 Ensembl225,160,853 - 25,168,903 (-)Ensemblhg38GRCh38
GRCh37225,383,729 - 25,391,449 (-)NCBIGRCh37GRCh37hg19GRCh37
Build 36225,237,226 - 25,245,063 (-)NCBIBuild 36Build 36hg18NCBI36
Build 34225,295,438 - 25,303,103NCBI
Celera225,224,014 - 25,231,854 (-)NCBICelera
Cytogenetic Map2p23.3NCBI
HuRef225,121,466 - 25,129,306 (-)NCBIHuRef
CHM1_1225,313,607 - 25,321,447 (-)NCBICHM1_1
T2T-CHM13v2.0225,195,313 - 25,203,034 (-)NCBIT2T-CHM13v2.0
Pomc
(Mus musculus - house mouse)
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCm39124,004,945 - 4,010,643 (+)NCBIGRCm39GRCm39mm39
GRCm39 Ensembl124,004,951 - 4,010,642 (+)EnsemblGRCm39 EnsemblGRCm39
GRCm38123,954,945 - 3,960,643 (+)NCBIGRCm38GRCm38mm10GRCm38
GRCm38.p6 Ensembl123,954,951 - 3,960,642 (+)Ensemblmm10GRCm38
MGSCv37123,954,951 - 3,960,618 (+)NCBIMGSCv37MGSCv37mm9NCBIm37
MGSCv36123,954,967 - 3,960,634 (+)NCBIMGSCv36mm8
Celera123,882,694 - 3,888,357 (+)NCBICelera
Cytogenetic Map12A1.1NCBI
cM Map121.99NCBI
Pomc
(Chinchilla lanigera - long-tailed chinchilla)
Chinchilla AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
ChiLan1.0 EnsemblNW_0049554697,217,363 - 7,220,386 (-)Ensembl
ChiLan1.0NW_0049554697,217,233 - 7,220,401 (-)NCBIChiLan1.0ChiLan1.0
POMC
(Pan paniscus - bonobo/pygmy chimpanzee)
Bonobo AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
NHGRI_mPanPan1-v212101,353,171 - 101,357,103 (+)NCBINHGRI_mPanPan1-v2
NHGRI_mPanPan12A101,357,136 - 101,361,068 (+)NCBINHGRI_mPanPan1
Mhudiblu_PPA_v02A25,161,668 - 25,165,600 (-)NCBIMhudiblu_PPA_v0Mhudiblu_PPA_v0panPan3
PanPan1.12A25,258,768 - 25,266,806 (-)NCBIPanPan1.1PanPan1.1panPan2
PanPan1.1 Ensembl2A25,258,768 - 25,262,706 (-)EnsemblpanPan2panpan1.1
POMC
(Canis lupus familiaris - dog)
Dog AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
CanFam3.11719,431,396 - 19,438,247 (-)NCBICanFam3.1CanFam3.1canFam3CanFam3.1
CanFam3.1 Ensembl1719,431,585 - 19,434,440 (-)EnsemblcanFam3CanFam3.1
Dog10K_Boxer_Tasha1719,328,041 - 19,334,822 (-)NCBIDog10K_Boxer_TashaDog10K_Boxer_Tasha
ROS_Cfam_1.01719,706,608 - 19,713,398 (-)NCBIROS_Cfam_1.0ROS_Cfam_1.0
ROS_Cfam_1.0 Ensembl1719,706,796 - 19,714,128 (-)EnsemblROS_Cfam_1.0 Ensembl
UMICH_Zoey_3.11719,440,669 - 19,447,445 (-)NCBIUMICH_Zoey_3.1
UNSW_CanFamBas_1.01719,450,362 - 19,457,130 (-)NCBIUNSW_CanFamBas_1.0
UU_Cfam_GSD_1.01719,496,844 - 19,503,629 (-)NCBIUU_Cfam_GSD_1.0UU_Cfam_GSD_1.0
Pomc
(Ictidomys tridecemlineatus - thirteen-lined ground squirrel)
Squirrel AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
HiC_Itri_2NW_02440629263,774,289 - 63,781,377 (-)NCBIHiC_Itri_2
SpeTri2.0 EnsemblNW_0049364937,061,587 - 7,065,109 (+)EnsemblSpeTri2.0 Ensembl
SpeTri2.0NW_0049364937,060,747 - 7,065,276 (+)NCBISpeTri2.0SpeTri2.0SpeTri2.0
POMC
(Sus scrofa - pig)
Pig AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
Sscrofa11.1 Ensembl3113,661,004 - 113,670,418 (+)EnsemblsusScr11Sscrofa11.1
Sscrofa11.13113,661,712 - 113,668,558 (+)NCBISscrofa11.1Sscrofa11.1susScr11Sscrofa11.1
Sscrofa10.23120,766,352 - 120,772,976 (+)NCBISscrofa10.2Sscrofa10.2susScr3
POMC
(Chlorocebus sabaeus - green monkey)
Green Monkey AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
ChlSab1.11482,491,296 - 82,499,289 (+)NCBIChlSab1.1ChlSab1.1chlSab2
ChlSab1.1 Ensembl1482,494,323 - 82,499,447 (+)EnsemblChlSab1.1 EnsemblchlSab2Vervet-AGM
Vero_WHO_p1.0NW_02366604529,662,185 - 29,670,382 (-)NCBIVero_WHO_p1.0Vero_WHO_p1.0
Pomc
(Heterocephalus glaber - naked mole-rat)
Naked Mole-Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
HetGla_female_1.0 EnsemblNW_0046247387,442,292 - 7,445,020 (-)EnsemblHetGla_female_1.0 EnsemblhetGla2HetGla_female_1.0 Ensembl
HetGla 1.0NW_0046247387,442,223 - 7,448,513 (-)NCBIHetGla 1.0HetGla 1.0hetGla2
Pomc
(Rattus rattus - black rat)
Black Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
Rrattus_CSIRO_v1724,626,609 - 24,629,270 (+)NCBIRrattus_CSIRO_v1

Variants

.
Variants in Pomc
20 total Variants
miRNA Target Status (No longer updated)

Predicted Target Of
Summary Value
Count of predictions:97
Count of miRNA genes:82
Interacting mature miRNAs:88
Transcripts:ENSRNOT00000016976
Prediction methods:Microtar, Miranda, Rnahybrid, Targetscan
Result types:miRGate_prediction

The detailed report is available here: Full Report CSV TAB Printer

miRNA Target Status data imported from miRGate (http://mirgate.bioinfo.cnio.es/).
For more information about miRGate, see PMID:25858286 or access the full paper here.


QTLs in Region (GRCr8)
The following QTLs overlap with this region.    Full Report CSV TAB Printer Gviewer
RGD IDSymbolNameLODP ValueTraitSub TraitChrStartStopSpecies
8552962Pigfal16Plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 level QTL 169.4blood insulin-like growth factor amount (VT:0010479)plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 level (CMO:0001299)6197587946975879Rat
10401812Kidm54Kidney mass QTL 54kidney mass (VT:0002707)both kidneys wet weight (CMO:0000085)62009763565097635Rat
8552910Pigfal5Plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 level QTL 54.3blood insulin-like growth factor amount (VT:0010479)plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 level (CMO:0001299)62265388967653889Rat
10401800Kidm49Kidney mass QTL 49kidney mass (VT:0002707)both kidneys wet weight (CMO:0000085)62009763565097635Rat
1300164Rf15Renal function QTL 153.12renal blood flow trait (VT:2000006)absolute change in renal blood flow rate (CMO:0001168)6323998948239989Rat
1331779Rf38Renal function QTL 382.876kidney blood vessel physiology trait (VT:0100012)absolute change in renal vascular resistance (CMO:0001900)63118500276185002Rat
9589129Insul24Insulin level QTL 2419.060.001blood insulin amount (VT:0001560)plasma insulin level (CMO:0000342)6197587946975879Rat
7411603Foco13Food consumption QTL 135.50.001eating behavior trait (VT:0001431)feed conversion ratio (CMO:0001312)6197587946975879Rat
1598843Cm63Cardiac mass QTL 632.6heart mass (VT:0007028)heart weight to body weight ratio (CMO:0000074)6144788383Rat
7411542Bw127Body weight QTL 1275.50.001body mass (VT:0001259)body weight gain (CMO:0000420)6197587946975879Rat
2292616Ept15Estrogen-induced pituitary tumorigenesis QTL 154.4pituitary gland mass (VT:0010496)pituitary gland wet weight (CMO:0000853)6144788383Rat
9589048Scfw3Subcutaneous fat weight QTL 34.570.001subcutaneous adipose mass (VT:1000472)abdominal subcutaneous fat pad weight (CMO:0002069)6197587946975879Rat
2293839Kiddil2Kidney dilation QTL 24.8kidney pelvis morphology trait (VT:0004194)hydronephrosis severity score (CMO:0001208)62661831486868070Rat
1576309Emca7Estrogen-induced mammary cancer QTL 74mammary gland integrity trait (VT:0010552)mammary tumor number (CMO:0000343)620859430113082285Rat
2301964Bp323Blood pressure QTL 3234.3arterial blood pressure trait (VT:2000000)systolic blood pressure (CMO:0000004)6186868070Rat
2293709Bss23Bone structure and strength QTL 235.180.0001femur morphology trait (VT:0000559)femur cross-sectional area (CMO:0001661)6323998948239989Rat
2293650Bss31Bone structure and strength QTL 315.050.0001femur strength trait (VT:0010010)femur midshaft polar moment of inertia (CMO:0001669)6323998948239989Rat
2293841Kiddil4Kidney dilation QTL 44.4kidney pelvis morphology trait (VT:0004194)hydronephrosis severity score (CMO:0001208)62661831486868070Rat
1300128Rf16Renal function QTL 163.89renal blood flow trait (VT:2000006)absolute change in renal blood flow rate (CMO:0001168)6140163351Rat
1641898Colcr4Colorectal carcinoma resistance QTL43.710.0007intestine integrity trait (VT:0010554)well differentiated malignant colorectal tumor surface area measurement (CMO:0002077)63093763275937632Rat
70199Coreg1Compensatory renal growth QTL 111.8kidney mass (VT:0002707)compensatory renal growth score (CMO:0001894)61459947363457687Rat
2301972Bp325Blood pressure QTL 3254.8arterial blood pressure trait (VT:2000000)systolic blood pressure (CMO:0000004)61608937261967788Rat
1358190Ept1Estrogen-induced pituitary tumorigenesis QTL 14.4pituitary gland mass (VT:0010496)pituitary gland wet weight (CMO:0000853)6144788383Rat
2293656Bss28Bone structure and strength QTL 286.790.0001femur morphology trait (VT:0000559)femur midshaft cortical cross-sectional area (CMO:0001663)6323998948239989Rat
1359023Bp272Blood pressure QTL 2722.5arterial blood pressure trait (VT:2000000)mean arterial blood pressure (CMO:0000009)62228825732981219Rat
1354664Slep2Serum leptin concentration QTL 24.49blood leptin amount (VT:0005667)serum leptin level (CMO:0000780)62228825767288257Rat

Markers in Region
RH130758  
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceJBrowse
mRatBN7.2626,945,327 - 26,945,534 (+)MAPPERmRatBN7.2
Rnor_6.0628,388,433 - 28,388,639NCBIRnor6.0
Rnor_5.0638,197,473 - 38,197,679UniSTSRnor5.0
RGSC_v3.4626,937,453 - 26,937,659UniSTSRGSC3.4
Celera626,421,190 - 26,421,396UniSTS
RH 3.4 Map6118.6UniSTS
Cytogenetic Map6q14UniSTS
RH94496  
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceJBrowse
mRatBN7.2626,939,389 - 26,939,551 (+)MAPPERmRatBN7.2
Rnor_6.0628,382,495 - 28,382,656NCBIRnor6.0
Rnor_5.0638,191,535 - 38,191,696UniSTSRnor5.0
RGSC_v3.4626,931,515 - 26,931,676UniSTSRGSC3.4
Celera626,415,252 - 26,415,413UniSTS
RH 3.4 Map6117.99UniSTS
Cytogenetic Map6q14UniSTS


Expression

RNA-SEQ Expression

alimentary part of gastrointestinal system
appendage
circulatory system
ectoderm
endocrine system
endoderm
exocrine system
hemolymphoid system
hepatobiliary system
integumental system
mesenchyme
mesoderm
musculoskeletal system
nervous system
renal system
reproductive system
respiratory system
sensory system
visual system
16 12 66 160 91 90 59 84 59 6 347 183 11 139 81 92 31 17 17

Sequence


Ensembl Acc Id: ENSRNOT00000016976   ⟹   ENSRNOP00000016976
Type: CODING
Position:
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
GRCr8 Ensembl632,659,346 - 32,665,173 (+)Ensembl
mRatBN7.2 Ensembl626,939,837 - 26,945,664 (+)Ensembl
Rnor_6.0 Ensembl628,382,962 - 28,388,967 (+)Ensembl
RefSeq Acc Id: NM_139326   ⟹   NP_647542
RefSeq Status: PROVISIONAL
Type: CODING
Position:
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
GRCr8632,659,353 - 32,665,173 (+)NCBI
mRatBN7.2626,939,844 - 26,945,664 (+)NCBI
Rnor_6.0628,382,949 - 28,388,769 (+)NCBI
Rnor_5.0638,191,989 - 38,197,809 (+)NCBI
RGSC_v3.4626,931,969 - 26,937,789 (+)RGD
Celera626,415,706 - 26,421,526 (+)RGD
Sequence:
RefSeq Acc Id: XM_017594033   ⟹   XP_017449522
Type: CODING
Position:
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
GRCr8632,659,137 - 32,665,175 (+)NCBI
mRatBN7.2626,939,860 - 26,945,666 (+)NCBI
Rnor_6.0628,382,937 - 28,388,771 (+)NCBI
Sequence:
RefSeq Acc Id: XM_063261551   ⟹   XP_063117621
Type: CODING
Position:
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
GRCr8632,659,266 - 32,665,175 (+)NCBI
RefSeq Acc Id: NP_647542   ⟸   NM_139326
- Peptide Label: precursor
- UniProtKB: P01194 (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot),   Q8K422 (UniProtKB/TrEMBL),   A6HAG6 (UniProtKB/TrEMBL),   F6PTD9 (UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
- Sequence:
RefSeq Acc Id: XP_017449522   ⟸   XM_017594033
- Peptide Label: isoform X1
- UniProtKB: P01194 (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot),   Q8K422 (UniProtKB/TrEMBL),   A6HAG6 (UniProtKB/TrEMBL),   F6PTD9 (UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
- Sequence:
Ensembl Acc Id: ENSRNOP00000016976   ⟸   ENSRNOT00000016976
RefSeq Acc Id: XP_063117621   ⟸   XM_063261551
- Peptide Label: isoform X1
- UniProtKB: P01194 (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot),   A6HAG6 (UniProtKB/TrEMBL),   F6PTD9 (UniProtKB/TrEMBL),   Q8K422 (UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
Protein Domains
Opiodes neuropeptide   Pro-opiomelanocortin N-terminal   Pro-opiomelanocortin/corticotropin ACTH central

Protein Structures
Name Modeler Protein Id AA Range Protein Structure
AF-P01194-F1-model_v2 AlphaFold P01194 1-235 view protein structure

Transcriptome

eQTL   View at Phenogen
WGCNA   View at Phenogen
Tissue/Strain Expression   View at Phenogen


Additional Information

Database Acc Id Source(s)
AGR Gene RGD:3366 AgrOrtholog
BioCyc Gene G2FUF-38285 BioCyc
Ensembl Genes ENSRNOG00000012686 Ensembl, ENTREZGENE
Ensembl Transcript ENSRNOT00000016976 ENTREZGENE
IMAGE_CLONE IMAGE:6919050 IMAGE-MGC_LOAD
InterPro Mcrtin_ACTH_cent UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  Melanocortin_N UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  Opioid_neuropept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  PMOC UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  POMC-derived_peptides UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
MGC_CLONE MGC:72676 IMAGE-MGC_LOAD
NCBI Gene 24664 ENTREZGENE
PANTHER PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Pfam ACTH_domain UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  NPP UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  Op_neuropeptide UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
PharmGKB POMC RGD
PhenoGen Pomc PhenoGen
PRINTS MELANOCORTIN UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
RatGTEx ENSRNOG00000012686 RatGTEx
SMART ACTH_domain UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  NPP UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  Op_neuropeptide UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProt A6HAG4_RAT UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  A6HAG6 ENTREZGENE
  COLI_RAT UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  F6PTD9 ENTREZGENE, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  P01194 ENTREZGENE
  Q8K422 ENTREZGENE, UniProtKB/TrEMBL


Nomenclature History
Date Current Symbol Current Name Previous Symbol Previous Name Description Reference Status
2008-09-03 Pomc  proopiomelanocortin  Pomc  proopiomelanocortin (adrenocorticotropin/ beta-lipotropin/ alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone/ beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone/ beta-endorphin)  Nomenclature updated to reflect human and mouse nomenclature 1299863 APPROVED
2008-05-15 Pomc  proopiomelanocortin (adrenocorticotropin/ beta-lipotropin/ alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone/ beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone/ beta-endorphin)  Pomc  pro-opiomelanocortin  Nomenclature updated to reflect human and mouse nomenclature 1299863 APPROVED
2006-03-01 Pomc  pro-opiomelanocortin  Pomc2  proopiomelanocortin, beta (endorphin, beta)  Symbol and Name updated to reflect Human and Mouse nomenclature 1299863 APPROVED
2002-06-10 Pomc2  Proopoimelanocortin, beta (endorphin, beta)      Symbol and Name status set to approved 70586 APPROVED