RGD Reference Report - The Mediator complex and transcription regulation. - Rat Genome Database

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The Mediator complex and transcription regulation.

Authors: Poss, ZC  Ebmeier, CC  Taatjes, DJ 
Citation: Poss ZC, etal., Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2013 Nov-Dec;48(6):575-608. doi: 10.3109/10409238.2013.840259. Epub 2013 Oct 3.
RGD ID: 9681732
Pubmed: PMID:24088064   (View Abstract at PubMed)
PMCID: PMC3852498   (View Article at PubMed Central)
DOI: DOI:10.3109/10409238.2013.840259   (Journal Full-text)

The Mediator complex is a multi-subunit assembly that appears to be required for regulating expression of most RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcripts, which include protein-coding and most non-coding RNA genes. Mediator and pol II function within the pre-initiation complex (PIC), which consists of Mediator, pol II, TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF and TFIIH and is approximately 4.0 MDa in size. Mediator serves as a central scaffold within the PIC and helps regulate pol II activity in ways that remain poorly understood. Mediator is also generally targeted by sequence-specific, DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) that work to control gene expression programs in response to developmental or environmental cues. At a basic level, Mediator functions by relaying signals from TFs directly to the pol II enzyme, thereby facilitating TF-dependent regulation of gene expression. Thus, Mediator is essential for converting biological inputs (communicated by TFs) to physiological responses (via changes in gene expression). In this review, we summarize an expansive body of research on the Mediator complex, with an emphasis on yeast and mammalian complexes. We focus on the basics that underlie Mediator function, such as its structure and subunit composition, and describe its broad regulatory influence on gene expression, ranging from chromatin architecture to transcription initiation and elongation, to mRNA processing. We also describe factors that influence Mediator structure and activity, including TFs, non-coding RNAs and the CDK8 module.

Molecular Pathway Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

RGD Manual Annotations

TermQualifierEvidenceWithReferenceNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   TAS 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOCCNC (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOCDK19 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOCDK8 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED1 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED10 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED11 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED12 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED12L (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED13 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED13L (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED14 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED15 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED16 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED17 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED18 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED19 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED20 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED21 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED22 (Homo sapiens)9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED23 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED24 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED25 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED26 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED27 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED28 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED29 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED30 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED31 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED4 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED6 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED7 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED8 (Homo sapiens)9681732 RGD 
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway   ISOMED9 (Homo sapiens)9681732; 9681732 RGD 
Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Ccnc  (cyclin C)
Cdk19  (cyclin-dependent kinase 19)
Cdk8  (cyclin-dependent kinase 8)
Med1  (mediator complex subunit 1)
Med10  (mediator complex subunit 10)
Med11  (mediator complex subunit 11)
Med12  (mediator complex subunit 12)
Med12l  (mediator complex subunit 12L)
Med13  (mediator complex subunit 13)
Med13l  (mediator complex subunit 13L)
Med14  (mediator complex subunit 14)
Med15  (mediator complex subunit 15)
Med16  (mediator complex subunit 16)
Med17  (mediator complex subunit 17)
Med18  (mediator complex subunit 18)
Med19  (mediator complex subunit 19)
Med20  (mediator complex subunit 20)
Med21  (mediator complex subunit 21)
Med23  (mediator complex subunit 23)
Med24  (mediator complex subunit 24)
Med25  (mediator complex subunit 25)
Med26  (mediator complex subunit 26)
Med27  (mediator complex subunit 27)
Med28  (mediator complex subunit 28)
Med29  (mediator complex subunit 29)
Med30  (mediator complex subunit 30)
Med31  (mediator complex subunit 31)
Med4  (mediator complex subunit 4)
Med6  (mediator complex subunit 6)
Med7  (mediator complex subunit 7)
Med9  (mediator complex subunit 9)

Genes (Mus musculus)
Ccnc  (cyclin C)
Cdk19  (cyclin dependent kinase 19)
Cdk8  (cyclin dependent kinase 8)
Med1  (mediator complex subunit 1)
Med10  (mediator complex subunit 10)
Med11  (mediator complex subunit 11)
Med12  (mediator complex subunit 12)
Med12l  (mediator complex subunit 12-like)
Med13  (mediator complex subunit 13)
Med13l  (mediator complex subunit 13-like)
Med14  (mediator complex subunit 14)
Med15  (mediator complex subunit 15)
Med16  (mediator complex subunit 16)
Med17  (mediator complex subunit 17)
Med18  (mediator complex subunit 18)
Med19  (mediator complex subunit 19)
Med20  (mediator complex subunit 20)
Med21  (mediator complex subunit 21)
Med22  (mediator complex subunit 22)
Med23  (mediator complex subunit 23)
Med24  (mediator complex subunit 24)
Med25  (mediator complex subunit 25)
Med26  (mediator complex subunit 26)
Med27  (mediator complex subunit 27)
Med28  (mediator complex subunit 28)
Med29  (mediator complex subunit 29)
Med30  (mediator complex subunit 30)
Med31  (mediator complex subunit 31)
Med4  (mediator complex subunit 4)
Med6  (mediator complex subunit 6)
Med7  (mediator complex subunit 7)
Med8  (mediator complex subunit 8)
Med9  (mediator complex subunit 9)

Genes (Homo sapiens)
CCNC  (cyclin C)
CDK19  (cyclin dependent kinase 19)
CDK8  (cyclin dependent kinase 8)
MED1  (mediator complex subunit 1)
MED10  (mediator complex subunit 10)
MED11  (mediator complex subunit 11)
MED12  (mediator complex subunit 12)
MED12L  (mediator complex subunit 12L)
MED13  (mediator complex subunit 13)
MED13L  (mediator complex subunit 13L)
MED14  (mediator complex subunit 14)
MED15  (mediator complex subunit 15)
MED16  (mediator complex subunit 16)
MED17  (mediator complex subunit 17)
MED18  (mediator complex subunit 18)
MED19  (mediator complex subunit 19)
MED20  (mediator complex subunit 20)
MED21  (mediator complex subunit 21)
MED22  (mediator complex subunit 22)
MED23  (mediator complex subunit 23)
MED24  (mediator complex subunit 24)
MED25  (mediator complex subunit 25)
MED26  (mediator complex subunit 26)
MED27  (mediator complex subunit 27)
MED28  (mediator complex subunit 28)
MED29  (mediator complex subunit 29)
MED30  (mediator complex subunit 30)
MED31  (mediator complex subunit 31)
MED4  (mediator complex subunit 4)
MED6  (mediator complex subunit 6)
MED7  (mediator complex subunit 7)
MED8  (mediator complex subunit 8)
MED9  (mediator complex subunit 9)


Additional Information