RGD Reference Report - Basal-like breast cancer defined by FOXC1 expression offers superior prognostic value: a retrospective immunohistochemical study. - Rat Genome Database

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Basal-like breast cancer defined by FOXC1 expression offers superior prognostic value: a retrospective immunohistochemical study.

Authors: Ray, PS  Bagaria, SP  Wang, J  Shamonki, JM  Ye, X  Sim, MS  Steen, S  Qu, Y  Cui, X  Giuliano, AE 
Citation: Ray PS, etal., Ann Surg Oncol. 2011 Dec;18(13):3839-47. doi: 10.1245/s10434-011-1657-8. Epub 2011 Mar 18.
RGD ID: 8662363
Pubmed: PMID:21424368   (View Abstract at PubMed)
DOI: DOI:10.1245/s10434-011-1657-8   (Journal Full-text)

BACKGROUND: Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) has a poor prognosis and is often identified by the triple-negative phenotype (TNP) and/or basal cytokeratins (CKs). Overexpression of mRNA for forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) transcription factor was recently identified as a pivotal prognostic biomarker of BLBC. We investigated the prognostic value of FOXC1 protein expression in invasive breast cancer and compared its prognostic significance to that of TNP and basal CKs. METHODS: Archived TNP specimens of primary invasive ductal breast cancer from 759 patients were examined by immunohistochemical staining for FOXC1, CK5/6, and CK14; prognostic significance was assessed using multivariate analyses. In addition, the impact of adding FOXC1 versus basal CKs to TNP-based BLBC assessment was assessed. RESULTS: FOXC1 protein expression was a significant predictor of overall survival on univariate (hazard ratio [HR] 3.364 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.758-6.438, P = 0.0002) and multivariate (HR 3.389 95% CI 1.928-7.645, P = 0.0001) analyses, despite its correlation with younger age (P = 0.0003). Interestingly, nodal status was not significant on multivariate analysis when FOXC1 expression status was included in the analysis. BLBC defined by TNP plus FOXC1 demonstrated superior prognostic relevance compared to BLBC defined by TNP or TNP plus basal CKs. CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemical detection of FOXC1 expression in TNP invasive breast cancer is an independent prognostic indicator that is superior to conventional immunohistochemical surrogates of BLBC. Prospective validation is warranted to further define the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive utility of FOXC1 in breast cancer management and clinical trial design.

RGD Manual Disease Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View
TermQualifierEvidenceWithReferenceNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
invasive ductal carcinoma disease_progressionIEP 8662363 RGD 
invasive ductal carcinoma disease_progressionISOFOXC1 (Homo sapiens)8662363; 8662363 RGD 

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Foxc1  (forkhead box C1)

Genes (Mus musculus)
Foxc1  (forkhead box C1)

Genes (Homo sapiens)
FOXC1  (forkhead box C1)


Additional Information