RGD Reference Report - Calcium, troponin, calmodulin, S100 proteins: from myocardial basics to new therapeutic strategies. - Rat Genome Database

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Calcium, troponin, calmodulin, S100 proteins: from myocardial basics to new therapeutic strategies.

Authors: Schaub, MC  Heizmann, CW 
Citation: Schaub MC and Heizmann CW, Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Apr 25;369(1):247-64. Epub 2007 Oct 25.
RGD ID: 7204682
Pubmed: PMID:17964289   (View Abstract at PubMed)
DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.082   (Journal Full-text)

Ca(2+) acts as global second messenger involved in the regulation of all aspects of cell function. A multitude of Ca(2+)-sensor proteins containing the specific Ca(2+) binding motif (helix-loop-helix, called EF-hand) developed early in evolution. Calmodulin (CAM) as the prototypical Ca(2+)-sensor with four EF-hands and its family members troponin-C (TNC), myosin light chains, and parvalbumin originated by gene duplications and fusions from a CAM precursor protein in prokaryotes. Rapid and precise regulation of heart and skeletal muscle contraction is assured by integration of TNC in the contractile structure and CAM in the sarcolemmal L-type Ca(2+) entry channel and in the sarcoplasmic Ca(2+) release channel RYR. The S100 proteins as evolutionary latecomers occur only in the animal subphylum vertebrates. They are not involved in switching on and off key cell functions but rather operate as modulators. In the heart S100A1 modulates Ca(2+) homeostasis, contractile inotropy, and energy production by interaction with the elements involved in these functions. The binding properties of different Ca(2+)-sensor proteins associated with specific regulatory and modulatory functions in muscle are discussed in detail. Some of these sensor proteins are critically involved in certain diseases and are now used in clinical diagnostics.

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
S100a1  (S100 calcium binding protein A1)
S100a4  (S100 calcium-binding protein A4)
S100b  (S100 calcium binding protein B)
Tnnc1  (troponin C1, slow skeletal and cardiac type)
Tnnc2  (troponin C2, fast skeletal type)

Genes (Mus musculus)
S100a1  (S100 calcium binding protein A1)
S100a4  (S100 calcium binding protein A4)
S100b  (S100 protein, beta polypeptide, neural)
Tnnc1  (troponin C, cardiac/slow skeletal)
Tnnc2  (troponin C2, fast)

Genes (Homo sapiens)
S100A1  (S100 calcium binding protein A1)
S100A4  (S100 calcium binding protein A4)
S100B  (S100 calcium binding protein B)
TNNC1  (troponin C1, slow skeletal and cardiac type)
TNNC2  (troponin C2, fast skeletal type)


Additional Information