RGD Reference Report - Differential roles of hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia in diabetes induced retinal cell death: evidence for retinal insulin resistance. - Rat Genome Database

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Differential roles of hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia in diabetes induced retinal cell death: evidence for retinal insulin resistance.

Authors: Fort, PE  Losiewicz, MK  Reiter, CE  Singh, RS  Nakamura, M  Abcouwer, SF  Barber, AJ  Gardner, TW 
Citation: Fort PE, etal., PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26498. Epub 2011 Oct 26.
RGD ID: 6902909
Pubmed: PMID:22046295   (View Abstract at PubMed)
PMCID: PMC3202547   (View Article at PubMed Central)
DOI: DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0026498   (Journal Full-text)

Diabetes pathology derives from the combination of hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia or insulin resistance leading to diabetic complications including diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is characterized by numerous retinal defects affecting the vasculature and the neuro-retina, but the relative contributions of the loss of retinal insulin signaling and hyperglycemia have never been directly compared. In this study we tested the hypothesis that increased retinal insulin signaling and glycemic normalization would exert differential effects on retinal cell survival and retinal physiology during diabetes. We have demonstrated in this study that both subconjunctival insulin administration and systemic glycemic reduction using the sodium-glucose linked transporter inhibitor phloridzin affected the regulation of retinal cell survival in diabetic rats. Both treatments partially restored the retinal insulin signaling without increasing plasma insulin levels. Retinal transcriptomic and histological analysis also clearly demonstrated that local administration of insulin and systemic glycemia normalization use different pathways to counteract the effects of diabetes on the retina. While local insulin primarily affected inflammation-associated pathways, systemic glycemic control affected pathways involved in the regulation of cell signaling and metabolism. These results suggest that hyperglycemia induces resistance to growth factor action in the retina and clearly demonstrate that both restoration of glycemic control and retinal insulin signaling can act through different pathways to both normalize diabetes-induced retinal abnormality and prevent vision loss.

RGD Manual Disease Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View
TermQualifierEvidenceWithReferenceNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
diabetic retinopathy  IDA 6902909 RGD 
diabetic retinopathy  ISOINS (Homo sapiens)6902909; 6902909 RGD 

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Ins2  (insulin 2)

Genes (Mus musculus)
Ins2  (insulin II)

Genes (Homo sapiens)
INS  (insulin)


Additional Information