RGD Reference Report - International Union of Pharmacology. LXIII. Retinoid X receptors. - Rat Genome Database

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International Union of Pharmacology. LXIII. Retinoid X receptors.

Authors: Germain, P  Chambon, P  Eichele, G  Evans, RM  Lazar, MA  Leid, M  De Lera, AR  Lotan, R  Mangelsdorf, DJ  Gronemeyer, H 
Citation: Germain P, etal., Pharmacol Rev. 2006 Dec;58(4):760-72.
RGD ID: 6484675
Pubmed: PMID:17132853   (View Abstract at PubMed)
DOI: DOI:10.1124/pr.58.4.7   (Journal Full-text)

The physiological effects of retinoic acids (RAs) are mediated by members of two families of nuclear receptors, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which are encoded by three distinct human genes, RXRalpha, RXRbeta, and RXRgamma. RARs bind both all-trans- and 9-cis-RA, whereas only the 9-cis-RA stereoisomer binds to RXRs. As RXR/RAR heterodimers, these receptors control the transcription of RA target genes through binding to RA-response elements. This review is focused on the structure, mode of action, ligands, expression, and pharmacology of RXRs. Given their role as common partners to many other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, these receptors have been the subject of intense scrutiny. Moreover, and despite numerous studies since their initial discovery, RXRs remain enigmatic nuclear receptors, and there is still no consensus regarding their role. Indeed, multiple questions about the actual biological role of RXRs and the existence of an endogenous ligand have still to be answered.

Molecular Pathway Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

RGD Manual Annotations

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Rxra  (retinoid X receptor alpha)
Rxrb  (retinoid X receptor beta)
Rxrg  (retinoid X receptor gamma)

Genes (Mus musculus)
Rxra  (retinoid X receptor alpha)
Rxrb  (retinoid X receptor beta)
Rxrg  (retinoid X receptor gamma)

Genes (Homo sapiens)
RXRA  (retinoid X receptor alpha)
RXRB  (retinoid X receptor beta)
RXRG  (retinoid X receptor gamma)


Additional Information