RGD Reference Report - Suppression of autoimmune retinal disease by lovastatin does not require Th2 cytokine induction. - Rat Genome Database

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Suppression of autoimmune retinal disease by lovastatin does not require Th2 cytokine induction.

Authors: Gegg, ME  Harry, R  Hankey, D  Zambarakji, H  Pryce, G  Baker, D  Adamson, P  Calder, V  Greenwood, J 
Citation: Gegg ME, etal., J Immunol. 2005 Feb 15;174(4):2327-35.
RGD ID: 5508475
Pubmed: PMID:15699169   (View Abstract at PubMed)
PMCID: PMC3816391   (View Article at PubMed Central)

Intraocular inflammatory diseases are a common cause of severe visual impairment and blindness. In an acute mouse model of autoimmune retinal disease, we demonstrate that treatment with the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, lovastatin, suppresses clinical ocular pathology, retinal vascular leakage, and leukocytic infiltration into the retina. Efficacy was reversed by coadministration of mevalonolactone, the downstream product of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, but not by squalene, which is distal to isoprenoid pyrophosphate metabolites within the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Lovastatin treatment (20 mg/kg/day i.p.) over 7 days, which resulted in plasma lovastatin hydroxyacid concentrations of 0.098 +/- 0.03 microM, did not induce splenocyte Th2 cytokine production but did cause a small reduction in Ag-induced T cell proliferation and a decrease in the production of IFN-gamma and IL-10. Thus, it is possible to dissociate the therapeutic effect of statins in experimental autoimmune uveitic mice from their activity on the Th1/Th2 balance. Statins inhibit isoprenoid pyrophosphate synthesis, precursors required for the prenylation and posttranslational activation of Rho GTPase, a key molecule in the endothelial ICAM-1-mediated pathway that facilitates lymphocyte migration. Consistent with inhibition of leukocyte infiltration in vivo, lovastatin treatment of retinal endothelial cell monolayers in vitro leads to inhibition of lymphocyte transmigration, which may, in part, account for drug efficacy. Unlike lovastatin, atorvastatin treatment showed little efficacy in retinal inflammatory disease despite showing significant clinical benefit in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These data highlight the potential differential activity of statins in different inflammatory conditions and their possible therapeutic use for the treatment of human posterior uveitis.

RGD Manual Disease Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View
TermQualifierEvidenceWithReferenceNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
uveitis  ISOHmgcr (Mus musculus)5508475; 5508475 RGD 
uveitis  IMP 5508475 RGD 

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Hmgcr  (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase)

Genes (Mus musculus)
Hmgcr  (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase)

Genes (Homo sapiens)
HMGCR  (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase)


Additional Information