RGD Reference Report - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and pyruvate carboxylase in developing rat liver. - Rat Genome Database

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Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and pyruvate carboxylase in developing rat liver.

Authors: Ballard, FJ  Hanson, RW 
Citation: Ballard FJ and Hanson RW, Biochem J. 1967 Sep;104(3):866-71.
RGD ID: 2302971
Pubmed: PMID:6049928   (View Abstract at PubMed)
PMCID: PMC1271226   (View Article at PubMed Central)

1. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and pyruvate carboxylase were measured in foetal, newborn and adult rat liver extracts by a radiochemical assay involving the fixation of [(14)C]bicarbonate. 2. Pyruvate-carboxylase activity in both foetal and adult liver occurs mainly in mitochondrial and nuclear fractions, with about 10% of the activity in the cytoplasm. 3. Similar studies of the intracellular distribution of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase show that more than 90% of the activity is in the cytoplasm. However, in the 17-day foetal liver about 90% of the activity is in mitochondria and nuclei. 4. Pyruvate-carboxylase activity in both particulate and soluble fractions is very low in the 17-day foetal liver and increases to near adult levels before birth. 5. Phosphoenolpyruvate-carboxykinase activity in the soluble cell fraction increases 25-fold in the first 2 days after birth. This same enzyme in the mitochondria has considerable activity in the foetal and adult liver and is lower in the newborn. 6. Kinetic and other studies on the properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase have shown no differences between the soluble and mitochondrial enzymes. 7. It is suggested that the appearance of the soluble phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase at birth initiates the rapid increase in overall gluconeogenesis at this stage.

Gene Ontology Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

Biological Process
TermQualifierEvidenceWithReferenceNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
gluconeogenesis  IDA 2302971; 2302971; 2302971 RGD 
oxaloacetate metabolic process  IDA 2302971; 2302971; 2302971 RGD 
pyruvate metabolic process  IDA 2302971 RGD 

Molecular Function
TermQualifierEvidenceWithReferenceNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) activity  IDA 2302971; 2302971 RGD 
pyruvate carboxylase activity  IDA 2302971 RGD 

Molecular Pathway Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

RGD Manual Annotations

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Pc  (pyruvate carboxylase)
Pck1  (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1)
Pck2  (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (mitochondrial))

Genes (Mus musculus)
Pck1  (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic)
Pck2  (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (mitochondrial))
Pcx  (pyruvate carboxylase)

Genes (Homo sapiens)
PC  (pyruvate carboxylase)
PCK1  (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1)
PCK2  (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial)


Additional Information