RGD Reference Report - Argon inhalation attenuates retinal apoptosis after ischemia/reperfusion injury in a time- and dose-dependent manner in rats. - Rat Genome Database

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Argon inhalation attenuates retinal apoptosis after ischemia/reperfusion injury in a time- and dose-dependent manner in rats.

Authors: Ulbrich, F  Schallner, N  Coburn, M  Loop, T  Lagreze, WA  Biermann, J  Goebel, U 
Citation: Ulbrich F, etal., PLoS One. 2014 Dec 23;9(12):e115984. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115984. eCollection 2014.
RGD ID: 11522737
Pubmed: PMID:25535961   (View Abstract at PubMed)
PMCID: PMC4275290   (View Article at PubMed Central)
DOI: DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0115984   (Journal Full-text)

PURPOSE: Retinal ischemia and reperfusion injuries (IRI) permanently affect neuronal tissue and function by apoptosis and inflammation due to the limited regenerative potential of neurons. Recently, evidence emerged that the noble gas Argon exerts protective properties, while lacking any detrimental or adverse effects. We hypothesized that Argon inhalation after IRI would exert antiapoptotic effects in the retina, thereby protecting retinal ganglion cells (RGC) of the rat's eye. METHODS: IRI was performed on the left eyes of rats (n = 8) with or without inhaled Argon postconditioning (25, 50 and 75 Vol%) for 1 hour immediately or delayed after ischemia (i.e. 1.5 and 3 hours). Retinal tissue was harvested after 24 hours to analyze mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3, NF-kappaB. Densities of fluorogold-prelabeled RGCs were analyzed 7 days after injury in whole-mounts. Histological tissue samples were prepared for immunohistochemistry and blood was analyzed regarding systemic effects of Argon or IRI. Statistics were performed using One-Way ANOVA. RESULTS: IRI induced RGC loss was reduced by Argon 75 Vol% inhalation and was dose-dependently attenuated by lower concentrations, or by delayed Argon inhalation (1504+/-300 vs. 2761+/-257; p<0.001). Moreover, Argon inhibited Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA expression significantly (Bax: 1.64+/-0.30 vs. 0.78+/-0.29 and Bcl-2: 2.07+/-0.29 vs. 0.99+/-0.22; both p<0.01), as well as caspase-3 cleavage (1.91+/-0.46 vs. 1.05+/-0.36; p<0.001). Expression of NF-kappaB was attenuated significantly. Immunohistochemistry revealed an affection of Muller cells and astrocytes. In addition, IRI induced leukocytosis was reduced significantly after Argon inhalation at 75 Vol%. CONCLUSION: Immediate and delayed Argon postconditioning protects IRI induced apoptotic loss of RGC in a time- and dose-dependent manner, possibly mediated by the inhibition of NF-kappaB. Further studies need to evaluate Argon's possible role as a therapeutic option.

RGD Manual Disease Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View
TermQualifierEvidenceWithReferenceNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
Retina Reperfusion Injury treatmentISOBcl2 (Rattus norvegicus)11522737; 11522737 RGD 
Retina Reperfusion Injury treatmentIDA 11522737 RGD 

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Bcl2  (BCL2, apoptosis regulator)

Genes (Mus musculus)
Bcl2  (B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2)

Genes (Homo sapiens)
BCL2  (BCL2 apoptosis regulator)


Additional Information