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Gene-Chemical Interaction AnnotationsGene-Chemical Interaction Annotations
Gene-Chemical Interaction AnnotationsTerm | Qualifier | Evidence | With | Reference | Notes | Source | Original Reference(s) | 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine | affects expression | ISO | RGD:732655 | 6480464 | Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin affects the expression of GHRL mRNA | CTD | PMID:21570461 | 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine | increases expression | ISO | RGD:732655 | 6480464 | Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA | CTD | PMID:15034205 | 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine | multiple interactions | ISO | RGD:732655 | 6480464 | AHR protein inhibits the reaction [Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA] | CTD | PMID:15034205 | 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine | affects expression | EXP | | 6480464 | N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine affects the expression of GHRL protein | CTD | PMID:17910739 | 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane | increases expression | ISO | RGD:732655 | 6480464 | 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA | CTD | PMID:18648102 | ammonium chloride | affects expression | EXP | | 6480464 | Ammonium Chloride affects the expression of GHRL mRNA | CTD | PMID:16483693 | atropine | multiple interactions | EXP | | 6480464 | Atropine inhibits the reaction [[Pentobarbital co-treated with L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-3,3-dimethylprolinamide] results in increased expression of GHRL protein] | CTD | PMID:16959836 | benzo[a]pyrene | multiple interactions | ISO | RGD:732655 | 6480464 | AHR protein inhibits the reaction [Benzo(a)pyrene results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA] | CTD | PMID:15034205 | benzo[a]pyrene | increases expression | ISO | RGD:732655 | 6480464 | Benzo(a)pyrene results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA | CTD | PMID:15034205 | capsaicin | multiple interactions | EXP | | 6480464 | Capsaicin inhibits the reaction [GHRL results in increased expression of FOS protein] | CTD | PMID:12360474 | capsaicin | decreases activity | EXP | | 6480464 | Capsaicin results in decreased activity of GHRL protein | CTD | PMID:12360474 PMID:15177919 | capsaicin | multiple interactions | ISO | RGD:732655 | 6480464 | GHRL protein inhibits the reaction [Capsaicin results in increased expression of FOS protein] | CTD | PMID:18202139 | capsaicin | decreases activity | EXP | | 6480464 | Capsaicin results in decreased activity of GHRL protein | CTD | PMID:15177919 PMID:12360474 | chloroprene | increases expression | ISO | RGD:732655 | 6480464 | Chloroprene results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA | CTD | PMID:23125180 | cysteamine | decreases expression | EXP | | 6480464 | Cysteamine results in decreased expression of GHRL mRNA; more ... | CTD | PMID:15778430 | cysteamine | multiple interactions | EXP | | 6480464 | Cysteamine results in increased expression of and results in increased secretion of GHRL protein | CTD | PMID:15778430 | diazoxide | increases expression | EXP | | 6480464 | Isoproterenol results in increased expression of GHRL protein | CTD | PMID:20572026 | dopamine | decreases export | EXP | | 6480464 | GHRL protein results in decreased export of Dopamine | CTD | PMID:20553917 | doxorubicin | multiple interactions | EXP | | 6480464 | GHRL protein inhibits the reaction [Doxorubicin results in decreased expression of BCL2 mRNA]; more ... | CTD | PMID:18400355 | famotidine | multiple interactions | EXP | | 6480464 | Famotidine inhibits the reaction [GHRL protein results in increased secretion of Acids] | CTD | PMID:16838121 | fructose | increases expression | EXP | | 6480464 | Fructose results in increased expression of GHRL protein | CTD | PMID:18627777 | histamine | multiple interactions | EXP | | 6480464 | Histamine affects the reaction [GHRL protein results in increased secretion of Acids] | CTD | PMID:16838121 | indomethacin | multiple interactions | EXP | | 6480464 | Indomethacin inhibits the reaction [Lipopolysaccharides affects the expression of GHRL protein] | CTD | PMID:16959954 | isoprenaline | increases expression | EXP | | 6480464 | Isoproterenol results in increased expression of GHRL protein | CTD | PMID:20572026 | malonaldehyde | decreases abundance | EXP | | 6480464 | GHRL results in decreased abundance of Malondialdehyde | CTD | PMID:16868036 | mercaptopurine | decreases expression | EXP | | 6480464 | 6-Mercaptopurine results in decreased expression of GHRL mRNA | CTD | PMID:23358152 | N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium | decreases response to substance | EXP | | 6480464 | GHRL protein results in decreased susceptibility to 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium | CTD | PMID:19931250 | oleanolic acid | decreases expression | ISO | RGD:732655 | 6480464 | Oleanolic Acid results in decreased expression of GHRL protein | CTD | PMID:20188082 | pentobarbital | multiple interactions | EXP | | 6480464 | [Pentobarbital co-treated with L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-3,3-dimethylprolinamide] results in increased expression of GHRL protein; more ... | CTD | PMID:16959836 | pirinixic acid | increases expression | ISO | RGD:732655 | 6480464 | pirinixic acid results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA | CTD | PMID:20813756 | prostaglandin E2 | increases abundance | EXP | | 6480464 | GHRL results in increased abundance of Dinoprostone | CTD | PMID:16868036 | purine-6-thiol | decreases expression | EXP | | 6480464 | 6-Mercaptopurine results in decreased expression of GHRL mRNA | CTD | PMID:23358152 | serotonin | decreases export | EXP | | 6480464 | GHRL protein results in decreased export of Serotonin | CTD | PMID:20553917 | streptozocin | multiple interactions | EXP | | 6480464 | GHRL protein promotes the reaction [Streptozocin results in decreased expression of CARTPT mRNA]; more ... | CTD | PMID:20219977 | testosterone | decreases secretion | EXP | | 6480464 | GHRL protein results in decreased secretion of Testosterone | CTD | PMID:21204602 | zinc atom | increases expression | EXP | | 6480464 | Zinc results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA | CTD | PMID:16413754 | zinc(0) | increases expression | EXP | | 6480464 | Zinc results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA | CTD | PMID:16413754 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gene Ontology AnnotationsMolecular Pathway Annotations| External Database Links | |
| KEGG Pathway | Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction |
Disease Annotations
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Gene-Chemical Interaction Annotations
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Gene Ontology Annotations
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Molecular Pathway Annotations
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| External Database Links | |
| KEGG Pathway | Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction |
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Kyoraku I, etal., Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Nov 20;389(3):405-8. Epub 2009 Sep 3. |
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Lee CC, etal., Arch Med Res. 2008 Nov;39(8):785-90. |
| 19. |
Lee CJ, etal., Perit Dial Int. 2008 Jun;28 Suppl 3:S196-200. |
| 20. |
MGD data from the GO Consortium |
| 21. |
Murray CD, etal., Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2006 Dec;18(12):1112-20. |
| 22. |
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, OMIM (TM). |
| 23. |
RGD automated data pipeline |
| 24. |
RGD automated import pipeline for gene-chemical interactions |
| 25. |
RGD Automated Pipelines |
| 26. |
Shimada M, etal., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003 Mar 14;302(3):520-5. |
| 27. |
Shimizu Y, etal., Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Feb;9(2):774-8. |
| 28. |
Steinle NI, etal., J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Dec;90(12):6672-7. Epub 2005 Oct 4. |
| 29. |
Stevanovic D, etal., Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2006 Nov;231(10):1610-5. |
| 30. |
Tamura H, etal., Endocrinology 2002 Sep;143(9):3268-75. |
| 31. |
Tena-Sempere M, etal., Endocrinology 2002 Feb;143(2):717-25. |
| 32. |
Ueno H, etal., Endocr J. 2007 Dec;54(6):895-902. Epub 2007 Nov 16. |
| 33. |
Verhulst PJ, etal., Gastroenterology. 2008 Oct;135(4):1267-76. Epub 2008 Jun 25. |
| 34. |
Wang W, etal., Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2009 Oct;297(4):F1032-7. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00044.2009. Epub 2009 Jul 22. |
| 35. |
Williams DL, etal., Endocrinology 2003 Jul;144(7):2765-7. |
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RGD Disease Portals| Ghrl has been annotated in the following RGD Disease Portals. |
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Candidate Gene StatusComparative Map Data| Ghrl (Rattus norvegicus) |
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| GHRL (Homo sapiens) |
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| Ghrl (Mus musculus) |
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Position Markers| RH134973 |
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| BF408077 |
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| PMC262394P1 |
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| PMC262394P3 |
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QTLs in Region (RGSC Genome Assembly v3.4)| The following QTLs overlap with this region. |  | Full Report | | CSV | | TAB | | Printer | | Gviewer |
Nucleotide Sequences| Nucleotide RefSeqs | NM_021669 | (Get FASTA) | Search GEO for Microarray Profiles |
| GenBank Nucleotide | AABR06032939 | (Get FASTA) | Search GEO for Microarray Profiles |
| AAHX01032399 | (Get FASTA) | Search GEO for Microarray Profiles | |
| AB029433 | (Get FASTA) | Search GEO for Microarray Profiles | |
| AB035699 | (Get FASTA) | Search GEO for Microarray Profiles | |
| AY701847 | (Get FASTA) | Search GEO for Microarray Profiles | |
| BF543543 | (Get FASTA) | Search GEO for Microarray Profiles | |
| CH473957 | (Get FASTA) | Search GEO for Microarray Profiles | |
| HC084375 | (Get FASTA) | Search GEO for Microarray Profiles |
| RefSeq Acc Id: | NM_021669 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| RefSeq Status: | VALIDATED | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Type: | CODING | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Protein Acc Id: | NP_067701 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Peptide Label: | preproprotein | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Position: |
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Protein Sequences| Protein RefSeqs | NP_067701 | (Get FASTA) |
| GenBank Protein | AAU93611 | (Get FASTA) |
| BAA89370 | (Get FASTA) | |
| BAB11956 | (Get FASTA) | |
| CBI12213 | (Get FASTA) | |
| EDL91557 | (Get FASTA) | |
| EDL91558 | (Get FASTA) | |
| Q9QYH7 | (Get FASTA) |
Strain Sequence Variants
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External Database Links| Database | Acc Id | Source(s) |
| Ensembl Genes | ENSRNOG00000010349 | ENTREZGENE, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| Ensembl Protein | ENSRNOP00000014103 | ENTREZGENE, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| Ensembl Transcript | ENSRNOT00000014103 | ENTREZGENE, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| Entrez Gene | 59301 | ENTREZGENE |
| Germonline | ENSRNOG00000010349 | UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| HomoloGene Group ID | 9487 | ENTREZGENE |
| InterPro | Motilin_assoc | UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| Motilin_ghrelin | UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot | |
| Preproghrelin | UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot | |
| KEGG Report | rno:59301 | ENTREZGENE, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PANTHER | Preproghrelin | UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| Pfam | Motilin_assoc | UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| Motilin_ghrelin | UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot | |
| PRINTS | GHRELIN | UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| UniGene | Rn.42103 | ENTREZGENE |
| UniProt | GHRL_RAT | UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| Q5Y391_RAT | UniProtKB/TrEMBL |
Nomenclature History| Date | Current Symbol | Current Name | Previous Symbol | Previous Name | Description | Reference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008-12-04 | Ghrl | ghrelin/obestatin prepropeptide | Ghrl | ghrelin | Nomenclature updated to reflect human and mouse nomenclature | 10779 | APPROVED |
| 2008-02-25 | Ghrl | ghrelin | Ghrl | ghrelin precursor | Nomenclature updated to reflect human and mouse nomenclature | 10779 | APPROVED |
| 2004-12-14 | Ghrl | ghrelin precursor | Symbol and Name status set to approved | 10779 | APPROVED |
RGD Curation Notes| Note Type | Note | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| gene_expression | expressed in stomach, intestine, hypothalamus, and leydig cells from adult testis | 70382 |
| gene_expression | expressed in stomach, intestine, hypothalamus, and leydig cells from adult testis | 625531 |
| gene_expression | highly expressed in stomach and also expressed in the hypothalamus and in the pituitary gland | 625664 |
| gene_expression | highly expressed in stomach and also expressed in the hypothalamus and in the pituitary gland | 625665 |
| gene_function | ligand for GH-secretagogue receptor | 70382 |
| gene_function | endogenous ligand | 625664 |
| gene_function | endogenous ligand | 625665 |
| gene_process | stimulates appetite and adiposity | 625531 |
| gene_process | involved in control of GH release and in testicular function | 70382 |
| gene_process | stimulates GH release and has a potent orexigenic action | 625664 |
| gene_process | stimulates GH release and has a potent orexigenic action | 625665 |
| gene_process | controls appetite and stimulates GH releasing activity via the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) | 625664 |
| gene_process | controls appetite and stimulates GH releasing activity via the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) | 625665 |
| gene_product | 28 aa protein | 70382 |
| gene_protein | 28 amino acids | |
| gene_regulation | protein secretion is negatively regulated by leptin levels and fasting increases pulsatile secretion in high frequency and high amplitude episodes | 625531 |
| gene_regulation | short-term secretory regulation is delayed in obese animals and that blood glucose levels may be involved in the delayed regulation | 625664 |
| gene_regulation | short-term secretory regulation is delayed in obese animals and that blood glucose levels may be involved in the delayed regulation | 625665 |
| More on Ghrl | |
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Entrez Gene |
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Ensembl Gene |
| Genome Browser |
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NCBI Map Viewer |
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Vista |
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Vista + UCSC |
| RGD Object Information | |
| RGD ID: | 632283 |
| Created: | 2003-08-29 |
| Species: | Rattus norvegicus |
| Last Modified: | 2013-05-28 |
| Status: | ACTIVE |
© Bioinformatics Program, HMGC at the Medical College of Wisconsin
RGD is funded by grant HL64541 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute on behalf of the NIH.