PARACETAMOL PHARMACOKINETICS PATHWAY (PW:0001525)
Description
Paracetamol or N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP), also known as acetaminophen or by its trade in the USA as Tylenol, is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug. However, overdose of paracetamol - accidental or intentional - is associated with hepatotoxicity and a leading cause of liver failure. APAP metabolism occurs in the liver where it is primarily subject to glucuronidation and sulfation by members of phase II biotransformation enzymes. To a lesser extent, it is also metabolized by members of the cytochrome P450 phase I biotransformation enzymes. The products are taken up by various liver basolateral and canalicular efflux transporters and eliminated via excretion. Glucuronidation is catalyzed by UDP-glucuronosyl transferases whose members have been classified into four families. From studies carried out in humans, the UGT1A1 and UGT1A6 appear to be critical for the APAP modification with APAP-glucuronides accounting for more than 50% of the administered drug. Sulfation is catalyzed by sulfotransferases whose members are also classified into four families. SULT1A1, SULT1A3/A4 and SULT1E1 are the enzymes responsible for APAP metabolism in human liver microsomes, accounting for ~30% of the administered drug. ~10% of administered APAP is metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes of which Cyp2e1 appears to be the primary contributor. The product of the reaction is the reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). NAPQI is a soft electrophile that readily interacts with nucleophilic groups, including nucleophilic sulfhydryl groups such as the cysteine thiol of glutathione (GSH). The glutathione conjugation occurs spontaneously but can also be achieved enzymatically. Overdose of APAP results in excess NAPQI which can deplete cells of the powerful GSH antioxidant. GSH depletion is believed to underlie the strong hepatotoxic effect of excessive paracetamol use. Phase I APAP metabolism has been studied in rodents and to some extent in humans while phase II information mostly comes from human data. This is important as there are differences in the metabolism these enzymes carry out between humans, rats and mice. The products of phase I and II biotransformation are taken up by various liver efflux transporters and eliminated via excretion. Studies in rodents using transport-deficient models, indicate that efflux of sulfated and glucuronidated metabolites across the canalicular hepatocyte membrane involves Abcc2, known as Mrp2 and Abcg2, known as Bcrp transporters. The basolateral transport system is less clear, but Abcc3, known as Mrp3 and Abcc4, known as Mrp4, appear to be the transporters playing an important role. The induction of basolateral and canalicular efflux transporters shows similar patterns in both APAP-treated rodents and in samples from patients with APAP overdose. Paracetamol overdose causes oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatocyte necrosis. It can also be nephrotoxic and cause renal failure, although to a lesser extent. N-acetylcysteine is being as an antidote and several plant extracts are being assessed for their potential therapeutic effects in rat animal models.
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Pathway Diagram:
Genes in Pathway:
G
Abcb1a
ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1A
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr 4:25,357,467...25,529,941
Ensembl chr 4:25,158,362...25,442,709
G
Abcc1
ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr10:528,961...655,179
Ensembl chr10:531,812...655,114
G
Abcc2
ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2
TAS
RGD
PMID:23462933
RGD:8552693
NCBI chr 1:242,664,657...242,723,239
Ensembl chr 1:242,664,657...242,723,238
G
Abcc3
ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3
TAS
RGD
PMID:23462933
RGD:8552693
NCBI chr10:79,296,681...79,342,749
Ensembl chr10:79,296,693...79,342,595
G
Abcc4
ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4
TAS ISO
SMPDB RGD
PMID:23462933
SMP:00640, RGD:8552693
NCBI chr15:95,541,186...95,774,898
Ensembl chr15:95,542,315...95,774,283
G
Abcc5
ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr11:80,473,809...80,567,257
Ensembl chr11:80,473,872...80,567,253
G
Abcg2
ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2
TAS ISO
SMPDB RGD
PMID:23462933
SMP:00640, RGD:8552693
NCBI chr 4:87,676,241...87,802,757
Ensembl chr 4:87,745,319...87,802,409
G
Cyp1a2
cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr 8:58,075,367...58,082,255
Ensembl chr 8:58,075,367...58,082,312
G
Cyp2d4
cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily d, polypeptide 4
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr 7:113,882,584...113,891,754
Ensembl chr 7:113,881,618...113,891,759
G
Cyp2e1
cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1
ISO
SMPDB RGD
PMID:23462933
SMP:00640, RGD:8552693
NCBI chr 1:195,840,330...195,850,728
Ensembl chr 1:195,840,058...195,864,023
G
Cyp3a2
cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 2
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr12:9,207,978...9,230,064
Ensembl chr12:9,015,383...9,285,008
G
Dnajb11
DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B11
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr11:78,151,750...78,168,259
Ensembl chr11:78,150,429...78,180,407
G
Erp29
endoplasmic reticulum protein 29
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr12:35,089,698...35,095,952
Ensembl chr12:35,089,707...35,096,376
G
Gstp1
glutathione S-transferase pi 1
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr 1:201,337,762...201,340,230
Ensembl chr 1:201,321,672...201,340,226
G
Gstt1
glutathione S-transferase theta 1
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr20:12,856,613...12,873,586
Ensembl chr20:12,856,669...12,873,585
G
Hsp90b1
heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr 7:21,110,431...21,124,762
Ensembl chr 7:21,110,457...21,124,788
G
Hspa5
heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr 3:18,055,507...18,059,969
Ensembl chr 3:18,055,405...18,059,891
G
Hyou1
hypoxia up-regulated 1
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr 8:44,706,073...44,718,189
Ensembl chr 8:44,706,263...44,718,186
G
Pdia2
protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 2
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr10:15,215,824...15,218,937
Ensembl chr10:15,215,824...15,220,931
G
Pdia4
protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 4
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr 4:76,803,198...76,822,245
Ensembl chr 4:76,803,198...76,822,107
G
Pdia6
protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 6
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr 6:40,062,980...40,080,223
Ensembl chr 6:40,062,926...40,080,613
G
Ppib
peptidylprolyl isomerase B
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr 8:66,603,877...66,609,734
Ensembl chr 8:66,603,861...66,630,428
G
Sdf2l1
stromal cell-derived factor 2-like 1
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr11:83,872,659...83,874,902
Ensembl chr11:83,872,659...83,874,902
G
Sult1a1
sulfotransferase family 1A member 1
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr 1:181,272,022...181,276,750
Ensembl chr 1:181,272,023...181,275,562
G
Sult1e1
sulfotransferase family 1E member 1
ISO
SMPDB RGD
PMID:23462933
SMP:00640, RGD:8552693
NCBI chr14:20,422,324...20,439,562
Ensembl chr14:20,422,324...20,439,275
G
Sult2a1
sulfotransferase family 2A member 1
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr 1:75,451,178...75,508,113
Ensembl chr 1:74,911,100...75,508,134
G
Ugt1a1
UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1
ISO
SMPDB RGD
PMID:23462933
SMP:00640, RGD:8552693
NCBI chr 9:88,801,344...88,808,465
Ensembl chr 9:88,713,184...88,808,465
G
Ugt1a6
UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6
ISO
SMPDB RGD
PMID:23462933
SMP:00640, RGD:8552693
NCBI chr 9:88,747,213...88,808,465
Ensembl chr 9:88,713,184...88,808,465
G
Ugt1a9
UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A9
ISO
SMPDB
SMP:00640
NCBI chr 9:88,696,981...88,808,465
Ensembl chr 9:88,713,184...88,808,465
Pathway Gene Annotations
Disease Annotations Associated with Genes in the paracetamol pharmacokinetics pathway
Abcb1a acquired immunodeficiency syndrome , acute lymphoblastic leukemia , adrenocortical carcinoma , allergic rhinitis , Alzheimer's disease , Anthracycline-induced Cardiotoxicity , antisocial personality disorder , asthma , autism spectrum disorder , Behcet's disease , Breast Neoplasms , cannabis abuse , cannabis dependence , carcinoma , cardiomyopathy , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , Chronic Hepatitis C , chronic myeloid leukemia , colorectal adenocarcinoma , Colorectal Neoplasms , congenital heart disease , COVID-19 , Critical Illness , Crohn's disease , cryoglobulinemia , diarrhea , diffuse large B-cell lymphoma , disease of cellular proliferation , disease of mental health , Disease Progression , drug dependence , Drug Overdose , Drug-induced Neutropenia , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , encephalitis , end stage renal disease , Endotoxemia , Eosinophilia , epilepsy , Escherichia Coli Infections , Esophageal Neoplasms , Experimental Arthritis , Experimental Diabetes Mellitus , Experimental Liver Cirrhosis , Experimental Mammary Neoplasms , familial adenomatous polyposis , familial hyperlipidemia , familial mediterranean fever , familial temporal lobe epilepsy 3 , Femur Head Necrosis , Fetal Growth Retardation , genetic disease , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genetic Translocation , Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms , head and neck squamous cell carcinoma , heart disease , Helicobacter Infections , Hematologic Neoplasms , hepatocellular carcinoma , hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome , heroin dependence , human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease , idiopathic generalized epilepsy , Inflammation , inflammatory bowel disease 13 , invasive ductal carcinoma , kidney disease , Kidney Neoplasms , Latent Tuberculosis , lung non-small cell carcinoma , malaria , metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease , Nasal Polyps , nasal type extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma , Nausea , Neoplasm Metastasis , nephroblastoma , nervous system disease , neuroblastoma , neutropenia , obstructive sleep apnea , opiate dependence , Orthostatic Hypotension , ovarian cancer , Ovarian Neoplasms , Pain , Parkinson's disease , perinatal necrotizing enterocolitis , peripheral nervous system disease , pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma , Poisoning , Postoperative Pain , pulmonary tuberculosis , renal cell carcinoma , Reperfusion Injury , rheumatoid arthritis , secondary Parkinson disease , ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction , status epilepticus , temporal lobe epilepsy , toxic encephalopathy , type 2 diabetes mellitus , ulcerative colitis , visual epilepsy , Vomiting Abcc1 Alzheimer's disease , asthma , autistic disorder , autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 77 , bacterial pneumonia , Breast Cancer, Familial , Breast Neoplasms , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , Colorectal Neoplasms , Desbuquois Dysplasia 1 , Disease Progression , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , epilepsy , genetic disease , head and neck squamous cell carcinoma , heart disease , hypertension , intestinal volvulus , lung cancer , peripheral nervous system disease , pseudoxanthoma elasticum , schizophrenia , Volvulus Of Midgut Abcc2 Acute Liver Failure , acute lymphoblastic leukemia , alopecia , bilirubin metabolic disorder , cardiomyopathy , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , cholangiocarcinoma , cholestasis , chronic myeloid leukemia , Colorectal Neoplasms , diarrhea , drug allergy , drug-induced hepatitis , Drug-Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia , Drug-induced Neutropenia , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Dubin-Johnson syndrome , end stage renal disease , Endotoxemia , esophagus squamous cell carcinoma , Experimental Diabetes Mellitus , Experimental Liver Cirrhosis , gastrointestinal system disease , genetic disease , head and neck squamous cell carcinoma , heart disease , lung non-small cell carcinoma , metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease , nervous system disease , pancreatic cancer , primary biliary cholangitis , pseudoxanthoma elasticum , rheumatoid arthritis , status epilepticus , steatotic liver disease , type 2 diabetes mellitus , visual epilepsy Abcc3 acute myeloid leukemia , autism spectrum disorder , bilirubin metabolic disorder , cholestasis , Colorectal Neoplasms , Dubin-Johnson syndrome , end stage renal disease , Experimental Diabetes Mellitus , genetic disease , hepatocellular carcinoma , Hepatomegaly , hyperprolactinemia , kidney disease , metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease , pancreatic cancer , rheumatoid arthritis , steatotic liver disease , trichodontoosseous syndrome Abcc4 Anal Atresia, Hypospadias, and Penoscrotal Inversion , cholestasis , cognitive disorder , Colorectal Neoplasms , Diabetes Complications , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , endometriosis , extrahepatic cholestasis , genetic disease , holoprosencephaly 5 , Neoplasm Metastasis , prostate cancer , Prostatic Neoplasms , rheumatoid arthritis , substance-related disorder Abcc5 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 1 deficiency , Colorectal Neoplasms , congenital disorder of glycosylation Id , Currarino syndrome , Experimental Liver Cirrhosis , genetic disease , pancreatic cancer , Reperfusion Injury , rheumatoid arthritis Abcg2 acute lymphoblastic leukemia , acute megakaryocytic leukemia , acute myeloid leukemia , adenoma , autism spectrum disorder , autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease , B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia , B-cell lymphoma , breast carcinoma , Breast Neoplasms , cardiomyopathy , chronic myeloid leukemia , Colorectal Neoplasms , congestive heart failure , diabetes mellitus , diarrhea , diffuse large B-cell lymphoma , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , erythropoietic protoporphyria , Experimental Arthritis , Experimental Diabetes Mellitus , Experimental Mammary Neoplasms , genetic disease , gout , head and neck squamous cell carcinoma , hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome , hyperuricemia , Liver Injury , multiple myeloma , nervous system disease , Ovarian Neoplasms , primary biliary cholangitis , renal cell carcinoma , Reperfusion Injury , rheumatoid arthritis , secondary hyperparathyroidism , status epilepticus , T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia , toxic encephalopathy , type 2 diabetes mellitus Cyp1a2 acute kidney failure , acute lymphoblastic leukemia , Atrophy , autism spectrum disorder , Bardet-Biedl syndrome , Bloom syndrome , breast cancer , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , cholestasis , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , colorectal cancer , Colorectal Neoplasms , congestive heart failure , depressive disorder , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , endometrial cancer , Experimental Liver Cirrhosis , Experimental Liver Neoplasms , genetic disease , Growth Disorders , hepatocellular carcinoma , Hepatomegaly , Intestinal Reperfusion Injury , Jaundice , liver cirrhosis , liver disease , Liver Injury , Lung Injury , Lung Neoplasms , metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease , Metabolic Side Effects of Drugs and Substances , methemoglobinemia , neural tube defect , Phenacetin O-Deethylase, Deficiency of , porphyria cutanea tarda , schizophrenia , Sepsis , splenic disease , Splenomegaly , squamous cell carcinoma , Tardive Dyskinesia , type 2 diabetes mellitus , Vitamin E Deficiency Cyp2d4 acute kidney failure , acute lymphoblastic leukemia , acute myeloid leukemia , alcohol dependence , Alzheimer's disease , amphetamine abuse , asthma , autism spectrum disorder , autoimmune hepatitis , basal ganglia disease , Bradycardia , Breast Neoplasms , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , Chronic Hepatitis C , cognitive disorder , Coma , common variable immunodeficiency 4 , Developmental Delay with Variable Intellectual Impairment and Behavioral Abnormalities , Drug Overdose , Drug-Induced Dyskinesia , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Dysmenorrhea , dystonia , epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures , Experimental Liver Cirrhosis , extrapyramidal and movement disease , genetic disease , head and neck squamous cell carcinoma , intellectual disability , interstitial nephritis , major depressive disorder , Manganese Poisoning , multiple myeloma , Muscle Rigidity , Occupational Diseases , opiate dependence , Parkinson's disease , Poor Drug Metabolism, CYP2D6-Related , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Prostatic Neoplasms , rhinitis , sexual health disorder , substance-related disorder , traumatic brain injury , Tremor , Weight Gain Cyp2e1 acoustic neuroma , acute kidney failure , acute lymphoblastic leukemia , adenocarcinoma , alcohol use disorder , Alcoholic Fatty Liver , alcoholic liver cirrhosis , Alcoholic Liver Diseases , amenorrhea , asbestosis , asthma , Binge Drinking , Cardiomegaly , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , Chronic Bronchitis , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , colon cancer , colorectal cancer , depressive disorder , distal 10q deletion syndrome , Drug Eruptions , drug-induced hepatitis , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Experimental Diabetes Mellitus , Experimental Liver Neoplasms , extrinsic allergic alveolitis , familial hyperlipidemia , genetic disease , hepatocellular adenoma , hepatocellular carcinoma , high grade glioma , Human Viral Hepatitis , hypertrophic cardiomyopathy , intrahepatic cholestasis , liver disease , Liver Injury , Liver Neoplasms , lung disease , Lung Neoplasms , lung non-small cell carcinoma , metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease , Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective , middle cerebral artery infarction , morbid obesity , nasopharynx carcinoma , Necrosis , Neoplasm Invasiveness , non-Hodgkin lymphoma , obesity , oral cavity cancer , oral squamous cell carcinoma , Parkinson's disease , Patent Ductus Venosus , pneumonia , Prostatic Neoplasms , Reperfusion Injury , Sepsis , steatotic liver disease , stomach cancer , Testicular Injury , type 1 diabetes mellitus , type 2 diabetes mellitus Cyp3a2 anxiety disorder , breast cancer , Breast Neoplasms , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , cholestasis , end stage renal disease , familial mediterranean fever , Familial Prostate Cancer , genetic disease , hepatitis C , Inflammation , osteosarcoma , ovarian carcinoma , pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma , Prostatic Neoplasms , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage , Torsades de Pointes , type 2 diabetes mellitus , VITAMIN D-DEPENDENT RICKETS, TYPE 3 Dnajb11 3MC syndrome 1 , cystic kidney disease , genetic disease , oligohydramnios , Polycystic Kidney Disease 6 with or without Polycystic Liver Disease Erp29 genetic disease , hepatocellular carcinoma , lung adenocarcinoma , Neoplasm Metastasis , Prostatic Neoplasms Gstp1 Acute Coronary Syndrome , acute kidney failure , acute lymphoblastic leukemia , acute myeloid leukemia , Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome 3 , Airway Obstruction , allergic disease , Alzheimer's disease , amphetamine abuse , amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , asthma , atopic dermatitis , autism spectrum disorder , autistic disorder , bone marrow disease , breast cancer , Breast Neoplasms , bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinoma , bronchopulmonary dysplasia , bronchus carcinoma , carcinoma , carotid artery disease , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia , cholangiocarcinoma , Cholangiofibrosis , cholestasis , Chromosome Aberrations , Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion , chronic myeloid leukemia , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , clear cell renal cell carcinoma , colorectal adenoma , Colorectal Neoplasms , congenital heart disease , conjunctivochalasis , contact dermatitis , Cough , cystic fibrosis , diffuse large B-cell lymphoma , Disease Progression , drug allergy , Drug-Induced Leukopenia , Drug-induced Neutropenia , esophagus squamous cell carcinoma , essential tremor , Experimental Liver Neoplasms , Experimental Seizures , Focal Nodular Hyperplasia , Gallbladder Neoplasms , genetic disease , Graves' disease , hematopoietic system disease , hepatocellular carcinoma , high grade glioma , Hodgkin's lymphoma , hypertension , intellectual disability , Kidney Calculi , kidney disease , Kuhnt-Junius degeneration , Laryngeal Neoplasms , late onset Parkinson's disease , liver disease , lung disease , Lung Neoplasms , lung non-small cell carcinoma , lymphoid leukemia , malignant astrocytoma , melanoma , meningitis , metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease , mitochondrial metabolism disease , movement disease , multiple myeloma , multiple sclerosis , myelodysplastic syndrome , myeloid leukemia , Myocardial Ischemia , Necrosis , oral squamous cell carcinoma , osteoporosis , osteosarcoma , ovarian cancer , pancreatic cancer , pancreatic ductal carcinoma , Parkinson's disease , Perennial Allergic Rhinitis , peripheral nervous system disease , peritonitis , Plasmodium falciparum malaria , pre-eclampsia , pre-malignant neoplasm , prostate cancer , prostate carcinoma in situ , prostatic hypertrophy , Prostatic Neoplasms , Pseudomonas Infections , psoriasis , pulmonary emphysema , pulmonary fibrosis , Recurrent Infections, with Encephalopathy, Hepatic Dysfunction, and Cardiovascular Malformations , renal cell carcinoma , Reperfusion Injury , Respiratory Sounds , respiratory system disease , sarcoma , senile cataract , squamous cell carcinoma , Stomach Neoplasms , substance-induced psychosis , testicular cancer , toxic encephalopathy , type 2 diabetes mellitus , Ureteral Calculi , urinary bladder cancer , vestibular disease Gstt1 acute chest syndrome , acute lymphoblastic leukemia , acute myeloid leukemia , acute promyelocytic leukemia , aggressive periodontitis , alcohol dependence , Alcoholic Liver Diseases , Alzheimer's disease , amphetamine abuse , anemia , aplastic anemia , asbestosis , Asthenozoospermia , asthma , atopic dermatitis , beta thalassemia , breast cancer , bronchopulmonary dysplasia , cancer , carcinoma , cardiovascular system disease , cataract , cervical cancer , cervix carcinoma , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , Chromosome Aberrations , Chronic Bronchitis , Chronic Hepatitis C , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , colorectal adenocarcinoma , colorectal cancer , colorectal carcinoma , Congenital Abnormalities , congenital heart disease , coronary artery disease , COVID-19 , Crohn's disease , cystic fibrosis , diabetes mellitus , Diabetic Nephropathies , diabetic retinopathy , diffuse large B-cell lymphoma , disease of cellular proliferation , Disease Susceptibility , drug allergy , Drug-induced Anemia , Drug-Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia , Drug-Induced Leukopenia , Drug-induced Neutropenia , end stage renal disease , epilepsy , Epistaxis , esophageal cancer , Esophageal Neoplasms , esophagus adenocarcinoma , esophagus squamous cell carcinoma , exfoliation syndrome , Fanconi anemia , Femur Head Necrosis , Fetal Growth Retardation , Fever , genetic disease , glioblastoma , head and neck cancer , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced , Hematologic Neoplasms , hepatocellular carcinoma , Hirschsprung's disease , Hodgkin's lymphoma , hypertension , hypospadias , infectious mononucleosis , inflammatory bowel disease , Iron Overload , juvenile rheumatoid arthritis , Kidney Neoplasms , Kidney Reperfusion Injury , Kuhnt-Junius degeneration , leukemia , leukopenia , Leukoplakia , liver cirrhosis , liver disease , lung cancer , lung disease , Lung Neoplasms , lymphoid leukemia , Lynch syndrome , medulloblastoma , metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease , Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective , motor neuron disease , Mouth Abnormalities , mucositis , multiple myeloma , multiple sclerosis , myelodysplastic syndrome , myeloid leukemia , Nasal Polyps , neutropenia , obesity , optic neuritis , oral cavity cancer , oral mucosa leukoplakia , oral submucous fibrosis , orofacial cleft , ovarian carcinoma , ovary epithelial cancer , pancreatic adenocarcinoma , Parkinson's disease , Perinatal Asphyxia , peripheral nervous system disease , pre-malignant neoplasm , Premature Birth , Presbycusis , primary open angle glaucoma , prostate cancer , Prostatic Neoplasms , pulmonary tuberculosis , Raynaud disease , renal cell carcinoma , rheumatoid arthritis , senile cataract , sickle cell anemia , skin melanoma , Skin Neoplasms , stomach cancer , Therapy-related Acute Myeloid Leukemia , transitional cell carcinoma , Transplant Rejection , type 1 diabetes mellitus , type 2 diabetes mellitus , ulcerative colitis , urinary bladder cancer , Vaso-occlusive Crisis , venous insufficiency Hsp90b1 Diabetic Cardiomyopathies , genetic disease , lung adenocarcinoma , male infertility due to globozoospermia , Prostatic Neoplasms Hspa5 Acute Experimental Pancreatitis , Acute Lung Injury , asbestosis , Breast Neoplasms , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia , chronic myeloid leukemia , Contrast-Induced Nephropathy , Diabetic Cardiomyopathies , Diabetic Nephropathies , dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency , esophagus squamous cell carcinoma , Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis , Female Infertility , genetic disease , Hematologic Neoplasms , hepatocellular carcinoma , high grade glioma , inflammatory bowel disease , myeloid neoplasm , myocardial infarction , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury , Nerve Degeneration , neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis , obesity , Peripheral Nerve Injuries , post-traumatic stress disorder , pulmonary fibrosis , Reperfusion Injury , respiratory allergy , rheumatoid arthritis , Spinal Cord Injuries , Spinal Cord Reperfusion Injury , spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 , steatotic liver disease , Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis , transient cerebral ischemia , ureteral obstruction , visual epilepsy , Zika fever Hyou1 CD3epsilon deficiency , Chromosome 11, Partial Trisomy 11q , Dwarfism , genetic disease , glycogen storage disease Ib , immunodeficiency 17 , immunodeficiency 18 , immunodeficiency 19 , immunodeficiency 59 , inflammatory bowel disease 28 , isolated microphthalmia 5 , long QT syndrome 10 , RASopathy , schizophrenia , spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 Pdia2 bicuspid aortic valve disease , epilepsy , genetic disease , idiopathic generalized epilepsy , short-rib thoracic dysplasia 9 with or without polydactyly Pdia4 genetic disease Pdia6 genetic disease Ppib Bloom syndrome , colorectal cancer , genetic disease , human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease , nemaline myopathy 6 , osteogenesis imperfecta , osteogenesis imperfecta type 9 Sdf2l1 chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, distal , Crohn's disease , DiGeorge syndrome , genetic disease , Prostatic Neoplasms , Spontaneous Abortions , type 2 diabetes mellitus Sult1a1 benign neoplasm , breast cancer , Breast Neoplasms , chromosome 16p11.2 deletion syndrome, 220-kb , Chromosome Aberrations , Colonic Neoplasms , Colorectal Neoplasms , COVID-19 , endometrial cancer , Endometrial Neoplasms , esophagus squamous cell carcinoma , genetic disease , Genomic Instability , Hypotension , lung adenocarcinoma , lung cancer , lung squamous cell carcinoma , Myocardial Ischemia , neural tube defect , neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis , Ovarian Neoplasms , prostate cancer , Prostatic Neoplasms , Recurrence , schizophrenia , stomach cancer , urinary bladder cancer , Urologic Neoplasms Sult1e1 alcoholic hepatitis , breast cancer , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , endometrial cancer , Experimental Liver Cirrhosis , genetic disease , liver disease , Neoplasm Metastasis , Prostatic Neoplasms , Reperfusion Injury Sult2a1 Experimental Liver Cirrhosis , genetic disease , Leber congenital amaurosis 7 , prostate cancer , Prostatic Neoplasms Ugt1a1 acute kidney failure , Acute Liver Failure , autism spectrum disorder , bilirubin metabolic disorder , breast cancer , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , cholecystolithiasis , cholelithiasis , cholestasis , contact dermatitis , Crigler Najjar Syndrome, Type 2 , Crigler-Najjar syndrome , Crohn's disease , Drug-induced Neutropenia , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , endometrial cancer , Gallstones , genetic disease , Gilbert syndrome , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections , hematopoietic system disease , hepatitis B , Hereditary Hyperbilirubinemia , Hodgkin's lymphoma , Hyperbilirubinemia, Transient Familial Neonatal , hyperthyroidism , Inflammation , Jaundice , Joubert syndrome 22 , kernicterus , lung non-small cell carcinoma , myeloid leukemia , Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia , neutropenia , ovarian cancer , Perlman syndrome , Polyuria , small cell carcinoma , Starvation , type 1 diabetes mellitus , type 2 diabetes mellitus Ugt1a6 autism spectrum disorder , bilirubin metabolic disorder , contact dermatitis , Crigler Najjar Syndrome, Type 2 , Crigler-Najjar syndrome , genetic disease , Gilbert syndrome , hepatitis B , Hyperbilirubinemia, Transient Familial Neonatal , Joubert syndrome 22 , Perlman syndrome , type 2 diabetes mellitus Ugt1a9 acute kidney failure , bilirubin metabolic disorder , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , cholangiocarcinoma , Crigler Najjar Syndrome, Type 2 , Crigler-Najjar syndrome , genetic disease , Gilbert syndrome , Hyperbilirubinemia, Transient Familial Neonatal , Joubert syndrome 22 , Perlman syndrome
3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 1 deficiency Abcc5 3MC syndrome 1 Dnajb11 acoustic neuroma Cyp2e1 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Abcb1a acute chest syndrome Gstt1 Acute Coronary Syndrome Gstp1 Acute Experimental Pancreatitis Hspa5 acute kidney failure Cyp1a2 , Cyp2d4 , Cyp2e1 , Gstp1 , Ugt1a1 , Ugt1a9 Acute Liver Failure Abcc2 , Ugt1a1 Acute Lung Injury Hspa5 acute lymphoblastic leukemia Abcb1a , Abcc2 , Abcg2 , Cyp1a2 , Cyp2d4 , Cyp2e1 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 acute megakaryocytic leukemia Abcg2 acute myeloid leukemia Abcc3 , Abcg2 , Cyp2d4 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 acute promyelocytic leukemia Gstt1 adenocarcinoma Cyp2e1 adenoma Abcg2 adrenocortical carcinoma Abcb1a aggressive periodontitis Gstt1 Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome 3 Gstp1 Airway Obstruction Gstp1 alcohol dependence Cyp2d4 , Gstt1 alcohol use disorder Cyp2e1 Alcoholic Fatty Liver Cyp2e1 alcoholic hepatitis Sult1e1 alcoholic liver cirrhosis Cyp2e1 Alcoholic Liver Diseases Cyp2e1 , Gstt1 allergic disease Gstp1 allergic rhinitis Abcb1a alopecia Abcc2 Alzheimer's disease Abcb1a , Abcc1 , Cyp2d4 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 amenorrhea Cyp2e1 amphetamine abuse Cyp2d4 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Gstp1 Anal Atresia, Hypospadias, and Penoscrotal Inversion Abcc4 anemia Gstt1 Anthracycline-induced Cardiotoxicity Abcb1a antisocial personality disorder Abcb1a anxiety disorder Cyp3a2 aplastic anemia Gstt1 asbestosis Cyp2e1 , Gstt1 , Hspa5 Asthenozoospermia Gstt1 asthma Abcb1a , Abcc1 , Cyp2d4 , Cyp2e1 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 atopic dermatitis Gstp1 , Gstt1 Atrophy Cyp1a2 autism spectrum disorder Abcb1a , Abcc3 , Abcg2 , Cyp1a2 , Cyp2d4 , Gstp1 , Ugt1a1 , Ugt1a6 autistic disorder Abcc1 , Gstp1 autoimmune hepatitis Cyp2d4 autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 77 Abcc1 autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease Abcg2 B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Abcg2 B-cell lymphoma Abcg2 bacterial pneumonia Abcc1 Bardet-Biedl syndrome Cyp1a2 basal ganglia disease Cyp2d4 Behcet's disease Abcb1a benign neoplasm Sult1a1 beta thalassemia Gstt1 bicuspid aortic valve disease Pdia2 bilirubin metabolic disorder Abcc2 , Abcc3 , Ugt1a1 , Ugt1a6 , Ugt1a9 Binge Drinking Cyp2e1 Bloom syndrome Cyp1a2 , Ppib bone marrow disease Gstp1 Bradycardia Cyp2d4 breast cancer Cyp1a2 , Cyp3a2 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 , Sult1a1 , Sult1e1 , Ugt1a1 Breast Cancer, Familial Abcc1 breast carcinoma Abcg2 Breast Neoplasms Abcb1a , Abcc1 , Abcg2 , Cyp2d4 , Cyp3a2 , Gstp1 , Hspa5 , Sult1a1 bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinoma Gstp1 bronchopulmonary dysplasia Gstp1 , Gstt1 bronchus carcinoma Gstp1 cancer Gstt1 cannabis abuse Abcb1a cannabis dependence Abcb1a carcinoma Abcb1a , Gstp1 , Gstt1 Cardiomegaly Cyp2e1 cardiomyopathy Abcb1a , Abcc2 , Abcg2 cardiovascular system disease Gstt1 carotid artery disease Gstp1 cataract Gstt1 CD3epsilon deficiency Hyou1 cervical cancer Gstt1 cervix carcinoma Gstt1 Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury Abcb1a , Abcc1 , Abcc2 , Cyp1a2 , Cyp2d4 , Cyp2e1 , Cyp3a2 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 , Hspa5 , Sult1e1 , Ugt1a1 , Ugt1a9 Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia Gstp1 cholangiocarcinoma Abcc2 , Gstp1 , Ugt1a9 Cholangiofibrosis Gstp1 cholecystolithiasis Ugt1a1 cholelithiasis Ugt1a1 cholestasis Abcc2 , Abcc3 , Abcc4 , Cyp1a2 , Cyp3a2 , Gstp1 , Ugt1a1 Chromosome 11, Partial Trisomy 11q Hyou1 chromosome 16p11.2 deletion syndrome, 220-kb Sult1a1 chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, distal Sdf2l1 Chromosome Aberrations Gstp1 , Gstt1 , Sult1a1 Chronic Bronchitis Cyp2e1 , Gstt1 Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Gstp1 Chronic Hepatitis C Abcb1a , Cyp2d4 , Gstt1 Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Hspa5 chronic myeloid leukemia Abcb1a , Abcc2 , Abcg2 , Gstp1 , Hspa5 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Abcc1 , Cyp1a2 , Cyp2e1 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 clear cell renal cell carcinoma Gstp1 cognitive disorder Abcc4 , Cyp2d4 colon cancer Cyp2e1 Colonic Neoplasms Sult1a1 colorectal adenocarcinoma Abcb1a , Gstt1 colorectal adenoma Gstp1 colorectal cancer Cyp1a2 , Cyp2e1 , Gstt1 , Ppib colorectal carcinoma Gstt1 Colorectal Neoplasms Abcb1a , Abcc1 , Abcc2 , Abcc3 , Abcc4 , Abcc5 , Abcg2 , Cyp1a2 , Gstp1 , Sult1a1 Coma Cyp2d4 common variable immunodeficiency 4 Cyp2d4 Congenital Abnormalities Gstt1 congenital disorder of glycosylation Id Abcc5 congenital heart disease Abcb1a , Gstp1 , Gstt1 congestive heart failure Abcg2 , Cyp1a2 conjunctivochalasis Gstp1 contact dermatitis Gstp1 , Ugt1a1 , Ugt1a6 Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Hspa5 coronary artery disease Gstt1 Cough Gstp1 COVID-19 Abcb1a , Gstt1 , Sult1a1 Crigler Najjar Syndrome, Type 2 Ugt1a1 , Ugt1a6 , Ugt1a9 Crigler-Najjar syndrome Ugt1a1 , Ugt1a6 , Ugt1a9 Critical Illness Abcb1a Crohn's disease Abcb1a , Gstt1 , Sdf2l1 , Ugt1a1 cryoglobulinemia Abcb1a Currarino syndrome Abcc5 cystic fibrosis Gstp1 , Gstt1 cystic kidney disease Dnajb11 depressive disorder Cyp1a2 , Cyp2e1 Desbuquois Dysplasia 1 Abcc1 Developmental Delay with Variable Intellectual Impairment and Behavioral Abnormalities Cyp2d4 Diabetes Complications Abcc4 diabetes mellitus Abcg2 , Gstt1 Diabetic Cardiomyopathies Hsp90b1 , Hspa5 Diabetic Nephropathies Gstt1 , Hspa5 diabetic retinopathy Gstt1 diarrhea Abcb1a , Abcc2 , Abcg2 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Abcb1a , Abcg2 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 DiGeorge syndrome Sdf2l1 disease of cellular proliferation Abcb1a , Gstt1 disease of mental health Abcb1a Disease Progression Abcb1a , Abcc1 , Gstp1 Disease Susceptibility Gstt1 distal 10q deletion syndrome Cyp2e1 dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency Hspa5 drug allergy Abcc2 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 drug dependence Abcb1a Drug Eruptions Cyp2e1 Drug Overdose Abcb1a , Cyp2d4 Drug-induced Anemia Gstt1 Drug-Induced Dyskinesia Cyp2d4 drug-induced hepatitis Abcc2 , Cyp2e1 Drug-Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia Abcc2 , Gstt1 Drug-Induced Leukopenia Gstp1 , Gstt1 Drug-induced Neutropenia Abcb1a , Abcc2 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 , Ugt1a1 Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Abcb1a , Abcc1 , Abcc2 , Abcc4 , Abcg2 , Cyp1a2 , Cyp2d4 , Cyp2e1 , Ugt1a1 Dubin-Johnson syndrome Abcc2 , Abcc3 Dwarfism Hyou1 Dysmenorrhea Cyp2d4 dystonia Cyp2d4 encephalitis Abcb1a end stage renal disease Abcb1a , Abcc2 , Abcc3 , Cyp3a2 , Gstt1 endometrial cancer Cyp1a2 , Sult1a1 , Sult1e1 , Ugt1a1 Endometrial Neoplasms Sult1a1 endometriosis Abcc4 Endotoxemia Abcb1a , Abcc2 Eosinophilia Abcb1a epilepsy Abcb1a , Abcc1 , Gstt1 , Pdia2 epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures Cyp2d4 Epistaxis Gstt1 erythropoietic protoporphyria Abcg2 Escherichia Coli Infections Abcb1a esophageal cancer Gstt1 Esophageal Neoplasms Abcb1a , Gstt1 esophagus adenocarcinoma Gstt1 esophagus squamous cell carcinoma Abcc2 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 , Hspa5 , Sult1a1 essential tremor Gstp1 exfoliation syndrome Gstt1 Experimental Arthritis Abcb1a , Abcg2 Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis Hspa5 Experimental Diabetes Mellitus Abcb1a , Abcc2 , Abcc3 , Abcg2 , Cyp2e1 Experimental Liver Cirrhosis Abcb1a , Abcc2 , Abcc5 , Cyp1a2 , Cyp2d4 , Sult1e1 , Sult2a1 Experimental Liver Neoplasms Cyp1a2 , Cyp2e1 , Gstp1 Experimental Mammary Neoplasms Abcb1a , Abcg2 Experimental Seizures Gstp1 extrahepatic cholestasis Abcc4 extrapyramidal and movement disease Cyp2d4 extrinsic allergic alveolitis Cyp2e1 familial adenomatous polyposis Abcb1a familial hyperlipidemia Abcb1a , Cyp2e1 familial mediterranean fever Abcb1a , Cyp3a2 Familial Prostate Cancer Cyp3a2 familial temporal lobe epilepsy 3 Abcb1a Fanconi anemia Gstt1 Female Infertility Hspa5 Femur Head Necrosis Abcb1a , Gstt1 Fetal Growth Retardation Abcb1a , Gstt1 Fever Gstt1 Focal Nodular Hyperplasia Gstp1 Gallbladder Neoplasms Gstp1 Gallstones Ugt1a1 gastrointestinal system disease Abcc2 genetic disease Abcb1a , Abcc1 , Abcc2 , Abcc3 , Abcc4 , Abcc5 , Abcg2 , Cyp1a2 , Cyp2d4 , Cyp2e1 , Cyp3a2 , Dnajb11 , Erp29 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 , Hsp90b1 , Hspa5 , Hyou1 , Pdia2 , Pdia4 , Pdia6 , Ppib , Sdf2l1 , Sult1a1 , Sult1e1 , Sult2a1 , Ugt1a1 , Ugt1a6 , Ugt1a9 Genetic Predisposition to Disease Abcb1a Genetic Translocation Abcb1a Genomic Instability Sult1a1 Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms Abcb1a Gilbert syndrome Ugt1a1 , Ugt1a6 , Ugt1a9 glioblastoma Gstt1 glycogen storage disease Ib Hyou1 gout Abcg2 Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Ugt1a1 Graves' disease Gstp1 Growth Disorders Cyp1a2 head and neck cancer Gstt1 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma Abcb1a , Abcc1 , Abcc2 , Abcg2 , Cyp2d4 Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced Gstt1 heart disease Abcb1a , Abcc1 , Abcc2 Helicobacter Infections Abcb1a Hematologic Neoplasms Abcb1a , Gstt1 , Hspa5 hematopoietic system disease Gstp1 , Ugt1a1 hepatitis B Ugt1a1 , Ugt1a6 hepatitis C Cyp3a2 hepatocellular adenoma Cyp2e1 hepatocellular carcinoma Abcb1a , Abcc3 , Cyp1a2 , Cyp2e1 , Erp29 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 , Hspa5 Hepatomegaly Abcc3 , Cyp1a2 hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome Abcb1a , Abcg2 Hereditary Hyperbilirubinemia Ugt1a1 heroin dependence Abcb1a high grade glioma Cyp2e1 , Gstp1 , Hspa5 Hirschsprung's disease Gstt1 Hodgkin's lymphoma Gstp1 , Gstt1 , Ugt1a1 holoprosencephaly 5 Abcc4 human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease Abcb1a , Ppib Human Viral Hepatitis Cyp2e1 Hyperbilirubinemia, Transient Familial Neonatal Ugt1a1 , Ugt1a6 , Ugt1a9 hyperprolactinemia Abcc3 hypertension Abcc1 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 hyperthyroidism Ugt1a1 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Cyp2e1 hyperuricemia Abcg2 hypospadias Gstt1 Hypotension Sult1a1 idiopathic generalized epilepsy Abcb1a , Pdia2 immunodeficiency 17 Hyou1 immunodeficiency 18 Hyou1 immunodeficiency 19 Hyou1 immunodeficiency 59 Hyou1 infectious mononucleosis Gstt1 Inflammation Abcb1a , Cyp3a2 , Ugt1a1 inflammatory bowel disease Gstt1 , Hspa5 inflammatory bowel disease 13 Abcb1a inflammatory bowel disease 28 Hyou1 intellectual disability Cyp2d4 , Gstp1 interstitial nephritis Cyp2d4 Intestinal Reperfusion Injury Cyp1a2 intestinal volvulus Abcc1 intrahepatic cholestasis Cyp2e1 invasive ductal carcinoma Abcb1a Iron Overload Gstt1 isolated microphthalmia 5 Hyou1 Jaundice Cyp1a2 , Ugt1a1 Joubert syndrome 22 Ugt1a1 , Ugt1a6 , Ugt1a9 juvenile rheumatoid arthritis Gstt1 kernicterus Ugt1a1 Kidney Calculi Gstp1 kidney disease Abcb1a , Abcc3 , Gstp1 Kidney Neoplasms Abcb1a , Gstt1 Kidney Reperfusion Injury Gstt1 Kuhnt-Junius degeneration Gstp1 , Gstt1 Laryngeal Neoplasms Gstp1 late onset Parkinson's disease Gstp1 Latent Tuberculosis Abcb1a Leber congenital amaurosis 7 Sult2a1 leukemia Gstt1 leukopenia Gstt1 Leukoplakia Gstt1 liver cirrhosis Cyp1a2 , Gstt1 liver disease Cyp1a2 , Cyp2e1 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 , Sult1e1 Liver Injury Abcg2 , Cyp1a2 , Cyp2e1 Liver Neoplasms Cyp2e1 long QT syndrome 10 Hyou1 lung adenocarcinoma Erp29 , Hsp90b1 , Sult1a1 lung cancer Abcc1 , Gstt1 , Sult1a1 lung disease Cyp2e1 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 Lung Injury Cyp1a2 Lung Neoplasms Cyp1a2 , Cyp2e1 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 lung non-small cell carcinoma Abcb1a , Abcc2 , Cyp2e1 , Gstp1 , Ugt1a1 lung squamous cell carcinoma Sult1a1 lymphoid leukemia Gstp1 , Gstt1 Lynch syndrome Gstt1 major depressive disorder Cyp2d4 malaria Abcb1a male infertility due to globozoospermia Hsp90b1 malignant astrocytoma Gstp1 Manganese Poisoning Cyp2d4 medulloblastoma Gstt1 melanoma Gstp1 meningitis Gstp1 metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Abcb1a , Abcc2 , Abcc3 , Cyp1a2 , Cyp2e1 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 Metabolic Side Effects of Drugs and Substances Cyp1a2 methemoglobinemia Cyp1a2 Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective Cyp2e1 , Gstt1 middle cerebral artery infarction Cyp2e1 mitochondrial metabolism disease Gstp1 morbid obesity Cyp2e1 motor neuron disease Gstt1 Mouth Abnormalities Gstt1 movement disease Gstp1 mucositis Gstt1 multiple myeloma Abcg2 , Cyp2d4 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 multiple sclerosis Gstp1 , Gstt1 Muscle Rigidity Cyp2d4 myelodysplastic syndrome Gstp1 , Gstt1 myeloid leukemia Gstp1 , Gstt1 , Ugt1a1 myeloid neoplasm Hspa5 myocardial infarction Hspa5 Myocardial Ischemia Gstp1 , Sult1a1 Myocardial Reperfusion Injury Hspa5 Nasal Polyps Abcb1a , Gstt1 nasal type extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma Abcb1a nasopharynx carcinoma Cyp2e1 Nausea Abcb1a Necrosis Cyp2e1 , Gstp1 nemaline myopathy 6 Ppib Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia Ugt1a1 Neoplasm Invasiveness Cyp2e1 Neoplasm Metastasis Abcb1a , Abcc4 , Erp29 , Sult1e1 nephroblastoma Abcb1a Nerve Degeneration Hspa5 nervous system disease Abcb1a , Abcc2 , Abcg2 neural tube defect Cyp1a2 , Sult1a1 neuroblastoma Abcb1a neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis Hspa5 , Sult1a1 neutropenia Abcb1a , Gstt1 , Ugt1a1 non-Hodgkin lymphoma Cyp2e1 obesity Cyp2e1 , Gstt1 , Hspa5 obstructive sleep apnea Abcb1a Occupational Diseases Cyp2d4 oligohydramnios Dnajb11 opiate dependence Abcb1a , Cyp2d4 optic neuritis Gstt1 oral cavity cancer Cyp2e1 , Gstt1 oral mucosa leukoplakia Gstt1 oral squamous cell carcinoma Cyp2e1 , Gstp1 oral submucous fibrosis Gstt1 orofacial cleft Gstt1 Orthostatic Hypotension Abcb1a osteogenesis imperfecta Ppib osteogenesis imperfecta type 9 Ppib osteoporosis Gstp1 osteosarcoma Cyp3a2 , Gstp1 ovarian cancer Abcb1a , Gstp1 , Ugt1a1 ovarian carcinoma Cyp3a2 , Gstt1 Ovarian Neoplasms Abcb1a , Abcg2 , Sult1a1 ovary epithelial cancer Gstt1 Pain Abcb1a pancreatic adenocarcinoma Gstt1 pancreatic cancer Abcc2 , Abcc3 , Abcc5 , Gstp1 pancreatic ductal carcinoma Gstp1 Parkinson's disease Abcb1a , Cyp2d4 , Cyp2e1 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 Patent Ductus Venosus Cyp2e1 Perennial Allergic Rhinitis Gstp1 Perinatal Asphyxia Gstt1 perinatal necrotizing enterocolitis Abcb1a Peripheral Nerve Injuries Hspa5 peripheral nervous system disease Abcb1a , Abcc1 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 peritonitis Gstp1 Perlman syndrome Ugt1a1 , Ugt1a6 , Ugt1a9 Phenacetin O-Deethylase, Deficiency of Cyp1a2 Plasmodium falciparum malaria Gstp1 pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma Abcb1a , Cyp3a2 pneumonia Cyp2e1 Poisoning Abcb1a Polycystic Kidney Disease 6 with or without Polycystic Liver Disease Dnajb11 Polyuria Ugt1a1 Poor Drug Metabolism, CYP2D6-Related Cyp2d4 porphyria cutanea tarda Cyp1a2 post-traumatic stress disorder Hspa5 Postoperative Pain Abcb1a pre-eclampsia Gstp1 pre-malignant neoplasm Gstp1 , Gstt1 Premature Birth Gstt1 Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Cyp2d4 Presbycusis Gstt1 primary biliary cholangitis Abcc2 , Abcg2 primary open angle glaucoma Gstt1 prostate cancer Abcc4 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 , Sult1a1 , Sult2a1 prostate carcinoma in situ Gstp1 prostatic hypertrophy Gstp1 Prostatic Neoplasms Abcc4 , Cyp2d4 , Cyp2e1 , Cyp3a2 , Erp29 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 , Hsp90b1 , Sdf2l1 , Sult1a1 , Sult1e1 , Sult2a1 Pseudomonas Infections Gstp1 pseudoxanthoma elasticum Abcc1 , Abcc2 psoriasis Gstp1 pulmonary emphysema Gstp1 pulmonary fibrosis Gstp1 , Hspa5 pulmonary tuberculosis Abcb1a , Gstt1 RASopathy Hyou1 Raynaud disease Gstt1 Recurrence Sult1a1 Recurrent Infections, with Encephalopathy, Hepatic Dysfunction, and Cardiovascular Malformations Gstp1 renal cell carcinoma Abcb1a , Abcg2 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 Reperfusion Injury Abcb1a , Abcc5 , Abcg2 , Cyp2e1 , Gstp1 , Hspa5 , Sult1e1 respiratory allergy Hspa5 Respiratory Sounds Gstp1 respiratory system disease Gstp1 rheumatoid arthritis Abcb1a , Abcc2 , Abcc3 , Abcc4 , Abcc5 , Abcg2 , Gstt1 , Hspa5 rhinitis Cyp2d4 sarcoma Gstp1 schizophrenia Abcc1 , Cyp1a2 , Hyou1 , Sult1a1 secondary hyperparathyroidism Abcg2 secondary Parkinson disease Abcb1a senile cataract Gstp1 , Gstt1 Sepsis Cyp1a2 , Cyp2e1 sexual health disorder Cyp2d4 short-rib thoracic dysplasia 9 with or without polydactyly Pdia2 sickle cell anemia Gstt1 skin melanoma Gstt1 Skin Neoplasms Gstt1 small cell carcinoma Ugt1a1 Spinal Cord Injuries Hspa5 Spinal Cord Reperfusion Injury Hspa5 spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 Hspa5 , Hyou1 splenic disease Cyp1a2 Splenomegaly Cyp1a2 Spontaneous Abortions Sdf2l1 squamous cell carcinoma Cyp1a2 , Gstp1 ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Abcb1a Starvation Ugt1a1 status epilepticus Abcb1a , Abcc2 , Abcg2 steatotic liver disease Abcc2 , Abcc3 , Cyp2e1 , Hspa5 stomach cancer Cyp2e1 , Gstt1 , Sult1a1 Stomach Neoplasms Gstp1 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Cyp3a2 substance-induced psychosis Gstp1 substance-related disorder Abcc4 , Cyp2d4 T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia Abcg2 Tardive Dyskinesia Cyp1a2 temporal lobe epilepsy Abcb1a Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis Hspa5 testicular cancer Gstp1 Testicular Injury Cyp2e1 Therapy-related Acute Myeloid Leukemia Gstt1 Torsades de Pointes Cyp3a2 toxic encephalopathy Abcb1a , Abcg2 , Gstp1 transient cerebral ischemia Hspa5 transitional cell carcinoma Gstt1 Transplant Rejection Gstt1 traumatic brain injury Cyp2d4 Tremor Cyp2d4 trichodontoosseous syndrome Abcc3 type 1 diabetes mellitus Cyp2e1 , Gstt1 , Ugt1a1 type 2 diabetes mellitus Abcb1a , Abcc2 , Abcg2 , Cyp1a2 , Cyp2e1 , Cyp3a2 , Gstp1 , Gstt1 , Sdf2l1 , Ugt1a1 , Ugt1a6 ulcerative colitis Abcb1a , Gstt1 Ureteral Calculi Gstp1 ureteral obstruction Hspa5 urinary bladder cancer Gstp1 , Gstt1 , Sult1a1 Urologic Neoplasms Sult1a1 Vaso-occlusive Crisis Gstt1 venous insufficiency Gstt1 vestibular disease Gstp1 visual epilepsy Abcb1a , Abcc2 , Hspa5 VITAMIN D-DEPENDENT RICKETS, TYPE 3 Cyp3a2 Vitamin E Deficiency Cyp1a2 Volvulus Of Midgut Abcc1 Vomiting Abcb1a Weight Gain Cyp2d4 Zika fever Hspa5