transforming growth factor-beta superfamily mediated signaling pathway + The TGF-beta superfamily of growth factors regulates a broad spectrum of processes such as angiogenesis, embryonic development, cell differentiation, proliferation, wound healing. Binding to two types of serine/threonine receptors and activation of Smad proteins is a common theme. However, ligand-receptor interaction and the identity of the activated Smad protein(s) appear to be member specific.